{"identifier":"/us/usc/t16/s1802","title":16,"num":"\u00a7\u202f1802.","heading":"Definitions","text":"\u00a7\u202f1802.\nDefinitions\nAs used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires\u2014\n(1) The term \u201canadromous species\u201d means species of fish which spawn in fresh or estuarine waters of the United States and which migrate to ocean waters.\n(2) The term \u201cbycatch\u201d means fish which are harvested in a fishery, but which are not sold or kept for personal use, and includes economic discards and regulatory discards. Such term does not include fish released alive under a recreational catch and release fishery management program.\n(3) The term \u201ccharter fishing\u201d means fishing from a vessel carrying a passenger for hire (as defined in\nsection 2101 of title 46\n(4) The term \u201ccommercial fishing\u201d means fishing in which the fish harvested, either in whole or in part, are intended to enter commerce or enter commerce through sale, barter or trade.\n(5) The term \u201cconservation and management\u201d refers to all of the rules, regulations, conditions, methods, and other measures (A) which are required to rebuild, restore, or maintain, and which are useful in rebuilding, restoring, or maintaining, any fishery resource and the marine environment; and (B) which are designed to assure that\u2014\n(i) a supply of food and other products may be taken, and that recreational benefits may be obtained, on a continuing basis;\n(ii) irreversible or long-term adverse effects on fishery resources and the marine environment are avoided; and\n(iii) there will be a multiplicity of options available with respect to future uses of these resources.\n(6) The term \u201cContinental Shelf\u201d means the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas adjacent to the coast, but outside the area of the territorial sea, of the United States, to a depth of 200 meters or, beyond that limit, to where the depth of the superjacent waters admits of the exploitation of the natural resources of such areas.\n(7) The term \u201cContinental Shelf fishery resources\u201d means the following:\nCnidaria\nBamboo Coral\u2014Acanella spp.;\nBlack Coral\u2014Antipathes spp.;\nGold Coral\u2014Callogorgia spp.;\nPrecious Red Coral\u2014Corallium spp.;\nBamboo Coral\u2014Keratoisis spp.; and\nGold Coral\u2014Parazoanthus spp.\nCrustacea\nTanner Crab\u2014Chionoecetes tanneri;\nTanner Crab\u2014Chionoecetes opilio;\nTanner Crab\u2014Chionoecetes angulatus;\nTanner Crab\u2014Chionoecetes bairdi;\nKing Crab\u2014Paralithodes camtschatica;\nKing Crab\u2014Paralithodes platypus;\nKing Crab\u2014Paralithodes brevipes;\nLobster\u2014Homarus americanus;\nDungeness Crab\u2014Cancer magister;\nCalifornia King Crab\u2014Paralithodes cali\u00adforniensis;\nCalifornia King Crab\u2014Paralithodes rath\u00adbuni;\nGolden King Crab\u2014Lithodes aequispinus;\nNorthern Stone Crab\u2014Lithodes maja;\nStone Crab\u2014Menippe mercenaria; and\nDeep-sea Red Crab\u2014Chaceon quinquedens.\nMollusks\nRed Abalone\u2014Haliotis rufescens;\nPink Abalone\u2014Haliotis corrugata;\nJapanese Abalone\u2014Haliotis kamtschat\u00adkana;\nQueen Conch\u2014Strombus gigas;\nSurf Clam\u2014Spisula solidissima; and\nOcean Quahog\u2014Arctica islandica.\nSponges\nGlove Sponge\u2014Spongia cheiris;\nSheepswool Sponge\u2014Hippiospongia lachne;\nGrass Sponge\u2014Spongia graminea; and\nYellow Sponge\u2014Spongia barbera.\nIf the Secretary determines, after consultation with the Secretary of State, that living organisms of any other sedentary species are, at the harvestable stage, either\u2014\n(A) immobile on or under the seabed, or\n(B) unable to move except in constant physical contact with the seabed or subsoil,\nof the Continental Shelf which appertains to the United States, and publishes notice of such determination in the Federal Register, such sedentary species shall be considered to be added to the foregoing list and included in such term for purposes of this chapter.\n(8) The term \u201cCouncil\u201d means any Regional Fishery Management Council established under\nsection 1852 of this title\n(9) The term \u201ceconomic discards\u201d means fish which are the target of a fishery, but which are not retained because they are of an undesirable size, sex, or quality, or for other economic reasons.\n(10) The term \u201cessential fish habitat\u201d means those waters and substrate necessary to fish for spawning, breeding, feeding or growth to maturity.\n(11) The term \u201cexclusive economic zone\u201d means the zone established by Proclamation Numbered 5030, dated\nMarch 10, 1983\n(12) The term \u201cfish\u201d means finfish, mollusks, crustaceans, and all other forms of marine animal and plant life other than marine mammals and birds.\n(13) The term \u201cfishery\u201d means\u2014\n(A) one or more stocks of fish which can be treated as a unit for purposes of conservation and management and which are identified on the basis of geographical, scientific, technical, recreational, and economic characteristics; and\n(B) any fishing for such stocks.\n(14) The term \u201cregional fishery association\u201d means an association formed for the mutual benefit of members\u2014\n(A) to meet social and economic needs in a region or subregion; and\n(B) comprised of persons engaging in the harvest or processing of fishery resources in that specific region or subregion or who otherwise own or operate businesses substantially dependent upon a fishery.\n(15) The term \u201cfishery resource\u201d means any fishery, any stock of fish, any species of fish, and any habitat of fish.\n(16) The term \u201cfishing\u201d means\u2014\n(A) the catching, taking, or harvesting of fish;\n(B) the attempted catching, taking, or harvesting of fish;\n(C) any other activity which can reasonably be expected to result in the catching, taking, or harvesting of fish; or\n(D) any operations at sea in support of, or in preparation for, any activity described in subparagraphs (A) through (C).\nSuch term does not include any scientific research activity which is conducted by a scientific research vessel.\n(17) The term \u201cfishing community\u201d means a community which is substantially dependent on or substantially engaged in the harvest or processing of fishery resources to meet social and economic needs, and includes fishing vessel owners, operators, and crew and United States fish processors that are based in such community.\n(18) The term \u201cfishing vessel\u201d means any vessel, boat, ship, or other craft which is used for, equipped to be used for, or of a type which is normally used for\u2014\n(A) fishing; or\n(B) aiding or assisting one or more vessels at sea in the performance of any activity relating to fishing, including, but not limited to, preparation, supply, storage, refrigeration, transportation, or processing.\n(19) The term \u201cforeign fishing\u201d means fishing by a vessel other than a vessel of the United States.\n(20) The term \u201chigh seas\u201d means all waters beyond the territorial sea of the United States and beyond any foreign nation\u2019s territorial sea, to the extent that such sea is recognized by the United States.\n(21) The term \u201chighly migratory species\u201d means tuna species, marlin (Tetrapturus spp. and Makaira spp.), oceanic sharks, sailfishes (Istiophorus spp.), and swordfish (Xiphias gladius).\n(22) The term \u201cimport\u201d\u2014\n(A) means to land on, bring into, or introduce into, or attempt to land on, bring into, or introduce into, any place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, whether or not such landing, bringing, or introduction constitutes an importation within the meaning of the customs laws of the United States; but\n(B) does not include any activity described in subparagraph (A) with respect to fish caught in the exclusive economic zone or by a vessel of the United States.\n(23) The term \u201cindividual fishing quota\u201d means a Federal permit under a limited access system to harvest a quantity of fish, expressed by a unit or units representing a percentage of the total allowable catch of a fishery that may be received or held for exclusive use by a person. Such term does not include community development quotas as described in\nsection 1855(i) of this title\n(24) The term \u201cinternational fishery agreement\u201d means any bilateral or multilateral treaty, convention, or agreement which relates to fishing and to which the United States is a party.\n(25) The term \u201clarge-scale driftnet fishing\u201d means a method of fishing in which a gillnet composed of a panel or panels of webbing, or a series of such gillnets, with a total length of two and one-half kilometers or more, or with a mesh size of 14 inches or greater, is placed in the water and allowed to drift with the currents and winds for the purpose of entangling fish in the webbing.\n(26) The term \u201climited access privilege\u201d\u2014\n(A) means a Federal permit, issued as part of a limited access system under\nsection 1853a of this title\n(B) includes an individual fishing quota; but\n(C) does not include community development quotas as described in\nsection 1855(i) of this title\n(27) The term \u201climited access system\u201d means a system that limits participation in a fishery to those satisfying certain eligibility criteria or requirements contained in a fishery management plan or associated regulation.\n(28) The term \u201cMarine Fisheries Commission\u201d means the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission, or the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission.\n(29) The term \u201cmigratory range\u201d means the maximum area at a given time of the year within which fish of an anadromous species or stock thereof can be expected to be found, as determined on the basis of scale pattern analysis, tagging studies, or other reliable scientific information, except that the term does not include any part of such area which is in the waters of a foreign nation.\n(30) The term \u201cnational standards\u201d means the national standards for fishery conservation and management set forth in\nsection 1851 of this title\n(31) The term \u201cobserver\u201d means any person required or authorized to be carried on a vessel for conservation and management purposes by regulations or permits under this chapter.\n(32) The term \u201cobserver information\u201d means any information collected, observed, retrieved, or created by an observer or electronic monitoring system pursuant to authorization by the Secretary, or collected as part of a cooperative research initiative, including fish harvest or processing observations, fish sampling or weighing data, vessel logbook data, vessel or processor-specific information (including any safety, location, or operating condition observations), and video, audio, photographic, or written documents.\n(33) The term \u201coptimum\u201d, with respect to the yield from a fishery, means the amount of fish which\u2014\n(A) will provide the greatest overall benefit to the Nation, particularly with respect to food production and recreational opportunities, and taking into account the protection of marine ecosystems;\n(B) is prescribed on the basis of the maximum sustainable yield from the fishery, as reduced by any relevant social, economic, or ecological factor; and\n(C) in the case of an overfished fishery, provides for rebuilding to a level consistent with producing the maximum sustainable yield in such fishery.\n(34) The terms \u201coverfishing\u201d and \u201coverfished\u201d mean a rate or level of fishing mortality that jeopardizes the capacity of a fishery to produce the maximum sustainable yield on a continuing basis.\n(35) The term \u201cPacific Insular Area\u201d means American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Island, Wake Island, or Palmyra Atoll, as applicable, and includes all islands and reefs appurtenant to such island, reef, or atoll.\n(36) The term \u201cperson\u201d means any individual (whether or not a citizen or national of the United States), any corporation, partnership, association, or other entity (whether or not organized or existing under the laws of any State), and any Federal, State, local, or foreign government or any entity of any such government.\n(37) The term \u201crecreational fishing\u201d means fishing for sport or pleasure.\n(38) The term \u201cregulatory discards\u201d means fish harvested in a fishery which fishermen are required by regulation to discard whenever caught, or are required by regulation to retain but not sell.\n(39) The term \u201cSecretary\u201d means the Secretary of Commerce or his designee.\n(40) The term \u201cState\u201d means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and any other Commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States.\n(41) 1\n1 See Codification note below.\nJune 1, 1990\n(42) The term \u201cstock of fish\u201d means a species, subspecies, geographical grouping, or other category of fish capable of management as a unit.\n(43) The term \u201ctreaty\u201d means any international fishery agreement which is a treaty within the meaning of section 2 of article II of the Constitution.\n(44) The term \u201ctuna species\u201d means the following:\nAlbacore Tuna\u2014Thunnus alalunga;\nBigeye Tuna\u2014Thunnus obesus;\nBluefin Tuna\u2014Thunnus thynnus;\nSkipjack Tuna\u2014Katsuwonus pelamis; and\nYellowfin Tuna\u2014Thunnus albacares.\n(45) The term \u201cUnited States\u201d, when used in a geographical context, means all the States thereof.\n(46) The term \u201cUnited States fish processors\u201d means facilities located within the United States for, and vessels of the United States used or equipped for, the processing of fish for commercial use or consumption.\n(47) The term \u201cUnited States harvested fish\u201d means fish caught, taken, or harvested by vessels of the United States within any fishery regulated under this chapter.\n(48) The term \u201cvessel of the United States\u201d means\u2014\n(A) any vessel documented under chapter 121 of title 46;\n(B) any vessel numbered in accordance with chapter 123 of title 46 and measuring less than 5 net tons;\n(C) any vessel numbered in accordance with chapter 123 of title 46 and used exclusively for pleasure; or\n(D) any vessel not equipped with propulsion machinery of any kind and used exclusively for pleasure.\n(49) The term \u201cvessel subject to the jurisdiction of the United States\u201d has the same meaning such term has in\nsection 70502(c) of title 46\n(50) The term \u201cwaters of a foreign nation\u201d means any part of the territorial sea or exclusive economic zone (or the equivalent) of a foreign nation, to the extent such territorial sea or exclusive economic zone is recognized by the United States.","url":"https://projectusc.org/usc/t16/s1802.html","content":[{"t":"sec","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802","children":[{"t":"num","text":"\u00a7\u202f1802."},{"t":"heading","text":"Definitions","tail":"\n"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires\u2014"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/1","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(1)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201canadromous species\u201d means species of fish which spawn in fresh or estuarine waters of the United States and which migrate to ocean waters.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/2","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(2)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cbycatch\u201d means fish which are harvested in a fishery, but which are not sold or kept for personal use, and includes economic discards and regulatory discards. Such term does not include fish released alive under a recreational catch and release fishery management program.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/3","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(3)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201ccharter fishing\u201d means fishing from a vessel carrying a passenger for hire (as defined in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 2101 of title 46","href":"/us/usc/t46/s2101","tail":") who is engaged in recreational fishing."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/4","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(4)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201ccommercial fishing\u201d means fishing in which the fish harvested, either in whole or in part, are intended to enter commerce or enter commerce through sale, barter or trade.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/5","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(5)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" The term \u201cconservation and management\u201d refers to all of the rules, regulations, conditions, methods, and other measures (A) which are required to rebuild, restore, or maintain, and which are useful in rebuilding, restoring, or maintaining, any fishery resource and the marine environment; and (B) which are designed to assure that\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/5/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" a supply of food and other products may be taken, and that recreational benefits may be obtained, on a continuing basis;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/5/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" irreversible or long-term adverse effects on fishery resources and the marine environment are avoided; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/5/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"content","text":" there will be a multiplicity of options available with respect to future uses of these resources.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/6","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(6)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cContinental Shelf\u201d means the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas adjacent to the coast, but outside the area of the territorial sea, of the United States, to a depth of 200 meters or, beyond that limit, to where the depth of the superjacent waters admits of the exploitation of the natural resources of such areas.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/7","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(7)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cContinental Shelf fishery resources\u201d means the following:","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","children":[{"t":"text","text":"Cnidaria"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Bamboo Coral\u2014Acanella spp.;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Black Coral\u2014Antipathes spp.;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Gold Coral\u2014Callogorgia spp.;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Precious Red Coral\u2014Corallium spp.;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Bamboo Coral\u2014Keratoisis spp.; and","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Gold Coral\u2014Parazoanthus spp.","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","children":[{"t":"text","text":"Crustacea"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Tanner Crab\u2014Chionoecetes tanneri;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Tanner Crab\u2014Chionoecetes opilio;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Tanner Crab\u2014Chionoecetes angulatus;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Tanner Crab\u2014Chionoecetes bairdi;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"King Crab\u2014Paralithodes camtschatica;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"King Crab\u2014Paralithodes platypus;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"King Crab\u2014Paralithodes brevipes;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Lobster\u2014Homarus americanus;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Dungeness Crab\u2014Cancer magister;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"California King Crab\u2014Paralithodes cali\u00adforniensis;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"California King Crab\u2014Paralithodes rath\u00adbuni;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Golden King Crab\u2014Lithodes aequispinus;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Northern Stone Crab\u2014Lithodes maja;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Stone Crab\u2014Menippe mercenaria; and","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Deep-sea Red Crab\u2014Chaceon quinquedens.","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","children":[{"t":"text","text":"Mollusks"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Red Abalone\u2014Haliotis rufescens;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Pink Abalone\u2014Haliotis corrugata;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Japanese Abalone\u2014Haliotis kamtschat\u00adkana;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Queen Conch\u2014Strombus gigas;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Surf Clam\u2014Spisula solidissima; and","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Ocean Quahog\u2014Arctica islandica.","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","children":[{"t":"text","text":"Sponges"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Glove Sponge\u2014Spongia cheiris;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Sheepswool Sponge\u2014Hippiospongia lachne;","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Grass Sponge\u2014Spongia graminea; and","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Yellow Sponge\u2014Spongia barbera.","tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"If the Secretary determines, after consultation with the Secretary of State, that living organisms of any other sedentary species are, at the harvestable stage, either\u2014","tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" immobile on or under the seabed, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" unable to move except in constant physical contact with the seabed or subsoil,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"of the Continental Shelf which appertains to the United States, and publishes notice of such determination in the Federal Register, such sedentary species shall be considered to be added to the foregoing list and included in such term for purposes of this chapter.","tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/8","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(8)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cCouncil\u201d means any Regional Fishery Management Council established under ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 1852 of this title","href":"/us/usc/t16/s1852","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/9","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(9)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201ceconomic discards\u201d means fish which are the target of a fishery, but which are not retained because they are of an undesirable size, sex, or quality, or for other economic reasons.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/10","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(10)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cessential fish habitat\u201d means those waters and substrate necessary to fish for spawning, breeding, feeding or growth to maturity.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/11","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(11)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cexclusive economic zone\u201d means the zone established by Proclamation Numbered 5030, dated ","children":[{"t":"text","text":"March 10, 1983","tail":". For purposes of applying this chapter, the inner boundary of that zone is a line coterminous with the seaward boundary of each of the coastal States."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/12","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(12)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cfish\u201d means finfish, mollusks, crustaceans, and all other forms of marine animal and plant life other than marine mammals and birds.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/13","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(13)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" The term \u201cfishery\u201d means\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/13/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" one or more stocks of fish which can be treated as a unit for purposes of conservation and management and which are identified on the basis of geographical, scientific, technical, recreational, and economic characteristics; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/13/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" any fishing for such stocks.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/14","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(14)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" The term \u201cregional fishery association\u201d means an association formed for the mutual benefit of members\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/14/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" to meet social and economic needs in a region or subregion; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/14/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" comprised of persons engaging in the harvest or processing of fishery resources in that specific region or subregion or who otherwise own or operate businesses substantially dependent upon a fishery.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/15","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(15)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cfishery resource\u201d means any fishery, any stock of fish, any species of fish, and any habitat of fish.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/16","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(16)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" The term \u201cfishing\u201d means\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/16/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" the catching, taking, or harvesting of fish;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/16/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" the attempted catching, taking, or harvesting of fish;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/16/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"content","text":" any other activity which can reasonably be expected to result in the catching, taking, or harvesting of fish; or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/16/D","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(D)"},{"t":"content","text":" any operations at sea in support of, or in preparation for, any activity described in subparagraphs (A) through (C).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Such term does not include any scientific research activity which is conducted by a scientific research vessel.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/17","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(17)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cfishing community\u201d means a community which is substantially dependent on or substantially engaged in the harvest or processing of fishery resources to meet social and economic needs, and includes fishing vessel owners, operators, and crew and United States fish processors that are based in such community.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/18","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(18)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" The term \u201cfishing vessel\u201d means any vessel, boat, ship, or other craft which is used for, equipped to be used for, or of a type which is normally used for\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/18/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" fishing; or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/18/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" aiding or assisting one or more vessels at sea in the performance of any activity relating to fishing, including, but not limited to, preparation, supply, storage, refrigeration, transportation, or processing.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/19","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(19)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cforeign fishing\u201d means fishing by a vessel other than a vessel of the United States.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/20","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(20)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201chigh seas\u201d means all waters beyond the territorial sea of the United States and beyond any foreign nation\u2019s territorial sea, to the extent that such sea is recognized by the United States.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/21","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(21)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201chighly migratory species\u201d means tuna species, marlin (Tetrapturus spp. and Makaira spp.), oceanic sharks, sailfishes (Istiophorus spp.), and swordfish (Xiphias gladius).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/22","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(22)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" The term \u201cimport\u201d\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/22/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" means to land on, bring into, or introduce into, or attempt to land on, bring into, or introduce into, any place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, whether or not such landing, bringing, or introduction constitutes an importation within the meaning of the customs laws of the United States; but","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/22/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" does not include any activity described in subparagraph (A) with respect to fish caught in the exclusive economic zone or by a vessel of the United States.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/23","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(23)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cindividual fishing quota\u201d means a Federal permit under a limited access system to harvest a quantity of fish, expressed by a unit or units representing a percentage of the total allowable catch of a fishery that may be received or held for exclusive use by a person. Such term does not include community development quotas as described in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 1855(i) of this title","href":"/us/usc/t16/s1855/i","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/24","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(24)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cinternational fishery agreement\u201d means any bilateral or multilateral treaty, convention, or agreement which relates to fishing and to which the United States is a party.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/25","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(25)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201clarge-scale driftnet fishing\u201d means a method of fishing in which a gillnet composed of a panel or panels of webbing, or a series of such gillnets, with a total length of two and one-half kilometers or more, or with a mesh size of 14 inches or greater, is placed in the water and allowed to drift with the currents and winds for the purpose of entangling fish in the webbing.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/26","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(26)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" The term \u201climited access privilege\u201d\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/26/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" means a Federal permit, issued as part of a limited access system under ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 1853a of this title","href":"/us/usc/t16/s1853a","tail":" to harvest a quantity of fish expressed by a unit or units representing a portion of the total allowable catch of the fishery that may be received or held for exclusive use by a person; and"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/26/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" includes an individual fishing quota; but","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/26/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"content","text":" does not include community development quotas as described in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 1855(i) of this title","href":"/us/usc/t16/s1855/i","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/27","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(27)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201climited access system\u201d means a system that limits participation in a fishery to those satisfying certain eligibility criteria or requirements contained in a fishery management plan or associated regulation.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/28","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(28)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cMarine Fisheries Commission\u201d means the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission, or the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/29","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(29)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cmigratory range\u201d means the maximum area at a given time of the year within which fish of an anadromous species or stock thereof can be expected to be found, as determined on the basis of scale pattern analysis, tagging studies, or other reliable scientific information, except that the term does not include any part of such area which is in the waters of a foreign nation.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/30","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(30)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cnational standards\u201d means the national standards for fishery conservation and management set forth in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 1851 of this title","href":"/us/usc/t16/s1851","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/31","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(31)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cobserver\u201d means any person required or authorized to be carried on a vessel for conservation and management purposes by regulations or permits under this chapter.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/32","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(32)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cobserver information\u201d means any information collected, observed, retrieved, or created by an observer or electronic monitoring system pursuant to authorization by the Secretary, or collected as part of a cooperative research initiative, including fish harvest or processing observations, fish sampling or weighing data, vessel logbook data, vessel or processor-specific information (including any safety, location, or operating condition observations), and video, audio, photographic, or written documents.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/33","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(33)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" The term \u201coptimum\u201d, with respect to the yield from a fishery, means the amount of fish which\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/33/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" will provide the greatest overall benefit to the Nation, particularly with respect to food production and recreational opportunities, and taking into account the protection of marine ecosystems;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/33/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" is prescribed on the basis of the maximum sustainable yield from the fishery, as reduced by any relevant social, economic, or ecological factor; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/33/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"content","text":" in the case of an overfished fishery, provides for rebuilding to a level consistent with producing the maximum sustainable yield in such fishery.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/34","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(34)"},{"t":"content","text":" The terms \u201coverfishing\u201d and \u201coverfished\u201d mean a rate or level of fishing mortality that jeopardizes the capacity of a fishery to produce the maximum sustainable yield on a continuing basis.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/35","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(35)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cPacific Insular Area\u201d means American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Island, Wake Island, or Palmyra Atoll, as applicable, and includes all islands and reefs appurtenant to such island, reef, or atoll.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/36","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(36)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cperson\u201d means any individual (whether or not a citizen or national of the United States), any corporation, partnership, association, or other entity (whether or not organized or existing under the laws of any State), and any Federal, State, local, or foreign government or any entity of any such government.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/37","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(37)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201crecreational fishing\u201d means fishing for sport or pleasure.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/38","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(38)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cregulatory discards\u201d means fish harvested in a fishery which fishermen are required by regulation to discard whenever caught, or are required by regulation to retain but not sell.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/39","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(39)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cSecretary\u201d means the Secretary of Commerce or his designee.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/40","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(40)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cState\u201d means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and any other Commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/41","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(41)"},{"t":"content","text":"\u202f","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"1"},{"t":"num","text":"1","tail":"\u202fSee Codification note below."},{"t":"text","text":"\u202fSee Codification note below.","tail":" The term \u201cspecial areas\u201d means the areas referred to as eastern special areas in Article 3(1) of the Agreement between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Maritime Boundary, signed "},{"t":"text","text":"June 1, 1990","tail":". In particular, the term refers to those areas east of the maritime boundary, as defined in that Agreement, that lie within 200 nautical miles of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of Russia is measured but beyond 200 nautical miles of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of the United States is measured."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/42","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(42)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cstock of fish\u201d means a species, subspecies, geographical grouping, or other category of fish capable of management as a unit.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/43","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(43)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201ctreaty\u201d means any international fishery agreement which is a treaty within the meaning of section 2 of article II of the Constitution.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/44","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(44)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201ctuna species\u201d means the following:","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Albacore Tuna\u2014Thunnus alalunga;","tail":"\n"},{"t":"p","text":"Bigeye Tuna\u2014Thunnus obesus;","tail":"\n"},{"t":"p","text":"Bluefin Tuna\u2014Thunnus thynnus;","tail":"\n"},{"t":"p","text":"Skipjack Tuna\u2014Katsuwonus pelamis; and","tail":"\n"},{"t":"p","text":"Yellowfin Tuna\u2014Thunnus albacares.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/45","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(45)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cUnited States\u201d, when used in a geographical context, means all the States thereof.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/46","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(46)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cUnited States fish processors\u201d means facilities located within the United States for, and vessels of the United States used or equipped for, the processing of fish for commercial use or consumption.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/47","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(47)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cUnited States harvested fish\u201d means fish caught, taken, or harvested by vessels of the United States within any fishery regulated under this chapter.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/48","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(48)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" The term \u201cvessel of the United States\u201d means\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/48/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" any vessel documented under chapter 121 of title 46;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/48/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" any vessel numbered in accordance with chapter 123 of title 46 and measuring less than 5 net tons;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/48/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"content","text":" any vessel numbered in accordance with chapter 123 of title 46 and used exclusively for pleasure; or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/48/D","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(D)"},{"t":"content","text":" any vessel not equipped with propulsion machinery of any kind and used exclusively for pleasure.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/49","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(49)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cvessel subject to the jurisdiction of the United States\u201d has the same meaning such term has in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 70502(c) of title 46","href":"/us/usc/t46/s70502/c","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s1802/50","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(50)"},{"t":"content","text":" The term \u201cwaters of a foreign nation\u201d means any part of the territorial sea or exclusive economic zone (or the equivalent) of a foreign nation, to the extent such territorial sea or exclusive economic zone is recognized by the United States.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"}]}]}