{"identifier":"/us/usc/t16/s8001","title":16,"num":"\u00a7\u202f8001.","heading":"Definitions","text":"\u00a7\u202f8001.\nDefinitions\nIn this chapter:\n(1)\nAIS\nThe term \u201cAIS\u201d means Automatic Identification System (as defined in section 164.46 of title 33, Code of Federal Regulations, or a similar successor regulation).\n(2)\nCombined Maritime Forces\nThe term \u201cCombined Maritime Forces\u201d means the 33-nation naval partnership, originally established in February 2002, which promotes security, stability, and prosperity across approximately 3,200,000 square miles of international waters.\n(3)\nExclusive economic zone\n(A)\nIn general\nUnless otherwise specified by the President as being in the public interest in a writing published in the Federal Register, the term \u201cexclusive economic zone\u201d means\u2014\n(i) the area within a zone established by a maritime boundary that has been established by a treaty in force or a treaty that is being provisionally applied by the United States; or\n(ii) in the absence of a treaty described in clause (i)\u2014\n(I) a zone, the outer boundary of which is 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured; or\n(II) if the distance between the United States and another country is less than 400 nautical miles, a zone, the outer boundary of which is represented by a line equidistant between the United States and the other country.\n(B)\nInner boundary\nWithout affecting any Presidential Proclamation with regard to the establishment of the United States territorial sea or exclusive economic zone, the inner boundary of the exclusive economic zone is\u2014\n(i) in the case of coastal States, a line coterminous with the seaward boundary of each such State (as described in\nsection 1312 of title 43\n(ii) in the case of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a line that is 3 marine leagues from the coastline of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico;\n(iii) in the case of American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands, a line that is 3 geographic miles from the coastlines of American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, or the Northern Mariana Islands, respectively; or\n(iv) for any possession of the United States not referred to in clause (ii) or (iii), the coastline of such possession.\n(C)\nRule of construction\nNothing in this paragraph may be construed to diminish the authority of the Department of Defense, the Department of the Interior, or any other Federal department or agency.\n(4)\nFood security\nThe term \u201cfood security\u201d means access to, and availability, utilization, and stability of, sufficient food to meet caloric and nutritional needs for an active and healthy life.\n(5)\nGlobal record of fishing vessels, refrigerated transport vessels, and supply vessels\nThe term \u201cglobal record of fishing vessels, refrigerated transport vessels, and supply vessels\u201d means the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations\u2019 initiative to rapidly make available certified data from state authorities about vessels and vessel related activities.\n(6)\nIUU fishing\nThe term \u201cIUU fishing\u201d means illegal fishing, unreported fishing, or unregulated fishing (as such terms are defined in paragraph 3 of the International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing, adopted at the 24th Session of the Committee on Fisheries in Rome on\nMarch 2, 2001\n(7)\nPort State Measures Agreement\nThe term \u201cPort State Measures Agreement\u201d means the Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing set forth by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, done at Rome, Italy\nNovember 22, 2009\nJune 5, 2016\n(8)\nPriority flag state\nThe term \u201cpriority flag state\u201d means a country selected in accordance with\n(A) whereby the flagged vessels of which actively engage in, knowingly profit from, or are complicit in IUU fishing; and\n(B) that is willing, but lacks the capacity, to monitor or take effective enforcement action against its fleet.\n(9)\nPriority region\nThe term \u201cpriority region\u201d means a region selected in accordance with\n(A) that is at high risk for IUU fishing activity or the entry of illegally caught seafood into the markets of countries in the region; and\n(B) in which countries lack the capacity to fully address the illegal activity described in subparagraph (A).\n(10)\nRegional Fisheries Management Organization\nThe term \u201cRegional Fisheries Management Organization\u201d means an intergovernmental fisheries organization or arrangement, as appropriate, that has the competence to establish conservation and management measures.\n(11)\nSeafood\nThe term \u201cseafood\u201d\u2014\n(A) means marine finfish, mollusks, crustaceans, and all other forms of marine animal and plant life, including those grown, produced, or reared through marine aquaculture operations or techniques; and\n(B) does not include marine mammals, turtles, or birds.\n(12)\nTransnational organized illegal activity\nThe term \u201ctransnational organized illegal activity\u201d means criminal activity conducted by self-perpetuating associations of individuals who operate transnationally for the purpose of obtaining power, influence, or monetary or commercial gains, wholly or in part by illegal means, while protecting their activities through a pattern of corruption or violence or through a transnational organizational structure and the exploitation of transnational commerce or communication mechanisms.\n(13)\nTransshipment\nThe term \u201ctransshipment\u201d means the use of refrigerated vessels that\u2014\n(A) collect catch from multiple fishing boats;\n(B) carry the accumulated catches back to port; and\n(C) deliver supplies to fishing boats, which allows fishing vessels to remain at sea for extended periods without coming into port.","url":"https://projectusc.org/usc/t16/s8001.html","content":[{"t":"sec","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001","children":[{"t":"num","text":"\u00a7\u202f8001."},{"t":"heading","text":"Definitions","tail":"\n"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"In this chapter:"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/1","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(1)"},{"t":"heading","text":"AIS"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cAIS\u201d means Automatic Identification System (as defined in section 164.46 of title 33, Code of Federal Regulations, or a similar successor regulation).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/2","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(2)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Combined Maritime Forces"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cCombined Maritime Forces\u201d means the 33-nation naval partnership, originally established in February 2002, which promotes security, stability, and prosperity across approximately 3,200,000 square miles of international waters.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/3","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(3)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Exclusive economic zone"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/3/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"Unless otherwise specified by the President as being in the public interest in a writing published in the Federal Register, the term \u201cexclusive economic zone\u201d means\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/3/A/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" the area within a zone established by a maritime boundary that has been established by a treaty in force or a treaty that is being provisionally applied by the United States; or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/3/A/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" in the absence of a treaty described in clause (i)\u2014"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/3/A/ii/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"content","text":" a zone, the outer boundary of which is 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured; or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/3/A/ii/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"content","text":" if the distance between the United States and another country is less than 400 nautical miles, a zone, the outer boundary of which is represented by a line equidistant between the United States and the other country.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/3/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Inner boundary"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"Without affecting any Presidential Proclamation with regard to the establishment of the United States territorial sea or exclusive economic zone, the inner boundary of the exclusive economic zone is\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/3/B/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" in the case of coastal States, a line coterminous with the seaward boundary of each such State (as described in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 1312 of title 43","href":"/us/usc/t43/s1312","tail":");"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/3/B/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" in the case of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a line that is 3 marine leagues from the coastline of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/3/B/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"content","text":" in the case of American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands, a line that is 3 geographic miles from the coastlines of American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, or the Northern Mariana Islands, respectively; or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/3/B/iv","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iv)"},{"t":"content","text":" for any possession of the United States not referred to in clause (ii) or (iii), the coastline of such possession.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/3/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Rule of construction"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Nothing in this paragraph may be construed to diminish the authority of the Department of Defense, the Department of the Interior, or any other Federal department or agency.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/4","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(4)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Food security"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cfood security\u201d means access to, and availability, utilization, and stability of, sufficient food to meet caloric and nutritional needs for an active and healthy life.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/5","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(5)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Global record of fishing vessels, refrigerated transport vessels, and supply vessels"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cglobal record of fishing vessels, refrigerated transport vessels, and supply vessels\u201d means the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations\u2019 initiative to rapidly make available certified data from state authorities about vessels and vessel related activities.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/6","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(6)"},{"t":"heading","text":"IUU fishing"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cIUU fishing\u201d means illegal fishing, unreported fishing, or unregulated fishing (as such terms are defined in paragraph 3 of the International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing, adopted at the 24th Session of the Committee on Fisheries in Rome on ","children":[{"t":"text","text":"March 2, 2001","tail":")."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/7","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(7)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Port State Measures Agreement"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cPort State Measures Agreement\u201d means the Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing set forth by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, done at Rome, Italy ","children":[{"t":"text","text":"November 22, 2009","tail":", and entered into force "},{"t":"text","text":"June 5, 2016","tail":", which offers standards for reporting and inspecting fishing activities of foreign-flagged fishing vessels at port."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/8","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(8)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Priority flag state"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201cpriority flag state\u201d means a country selected in accordance with ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 8032(b)(3) of this title","href":"/us/usc/t16/s8032/b/3","tail":"\u2014"}]},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/8/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" whereby the flagged vessels of which actively engage in, knowingly profit from, or are complicit in IUU fishing; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/8/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" that is willing, but lacks the capacity, to monitor or take effective enforcement action against its fleet.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/9","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(9)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Priority region"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201cpriority region\u201d means a region selected in accordance with ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 8032(b)(2) of this title","href":"/us/usc/t16/s8032/b/2","tail":"\u2014"}]},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/9/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" that is at high risk for IUU fishing activity or the entry of illegally caught seafood into the markets of countries in the region; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/9/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" in which countries lack the capacity to fully address the illegal activity described in subparagraph (A).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/10","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(10)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Regional Fisheries Management Organization"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cRegional Fisheries Management Organization\u201d means an intergovernmental fisheries organization or arrangement, as appropriate, that has the competence to establish conservation and management measures.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/11","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(11)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Seafood"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201cseafood\u201d\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/11/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" means marine finfish, mollusks, crustaceans, and all other forms of marine animal and plant life, including those grown, produced, or reared through marine aquaculture operations or techniques; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/11/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" does not include marine mammals, turtles, or birds.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/12","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(12)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Transnational organized illegal activity"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201ctransnational organized illegal activity\u201d means criminal activity conducted by self-perpetuating associations of individuals who operate transnationally for the purpose of obtaining power, influence, or monetary or commercial gains, wholly or in part by illegal means, while protecting their activities through a pattern of corruption or violence or through a transnational organizational structure and the exploitation of transnational commerce or communication mechanisms.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/13","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(13)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Transshipment"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201ctransshipment\u201d means the use of refrigerated vessels that\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/13/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" collect catch from multiple fishing boats;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/13/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" carry the accumulated catches back to port; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t16/s8001/13/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"content","text":" deliver supplies to fishing boats, which allows fishing vessels to remain at sea for extended periods without coming into port.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"}]}]}