{"identifier":"/us/usc/t18/s798","title":18,"num":"\u00a7\u202f798.","heading":"Disclosure of classified information","text":"\u00a7\u202f798.\nDisclosure of classified information\n(a) Whoever knowingly and willfully communicates, furnishes, transmits, or otherwise makes available to an unauthorized person, or publishes, or uses in any manner prejudicial to the safety or interest of the United States or for the benefit of any foreign government to the detriment of the United States any classified information\u2014\n(1) concerning the nature, preparation, or use of any code, cipher, or cryptographic system of the United States or any foreign government; or\n(2) concerning the design, construction, use, maintenance, or repair of any device, apparatus, or appliance used or prepared or planned for use by the United States or any foreign government for cryptographic or communication intelligence purposes; or\n(3) concerning the communication intelligence activities of the United States or any foreign government; or\n(4) obtained by the processes of communication intelligence from the communications of any foreign government, knowing the same to have been obtained by such processes\u2014\nShall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.\n(b) As used in subsection (a) of this section\u2014\nThe term \u201cclassified information\u201d means information which, at the time of a violation of this section, is, for reasons of national security, specifically designated by a United States Government Agency for limited or restricted dissemination or distribution;\nThe terms \u201ccode,\u201d \u201ccipher,\u201d and \u201ccryptographic system\u201d include in their meanings, in addition to their usual meanings, any method of secret writing and any mechanical or electrical device or method used for the purpose of disguising or concealing the contents, significance, or meanings of communications;\nThe term \u201cforeign government\u201d includes in its meaning any person or persons acting or purporting to act for or on behalf of any faction, party, department, agency, bureau, or military force of or within a foreign country, or for or on behalf of any government or any person or persons purporting to act as a government within a foreign country, whether or not such government is recognized by the United States;\nThe term \u201ccommunication intelligence\u201d means all procedures and methods used in the interception of communications and the obtaining of information from such communications by other than the intended recipients;\nThe term \u201cunauthorized person\u201d means any person who, or agency which, is not authorized to receive information of the categories set forth in subsection (a) of this section, by the President, or by the head of a department or agency of the United States Government which is expressly designated by the President to engage in communication intelligence activities for the United States.\n(c) Nothing in this section shall prohibit the furnishing, upon lawful demand, of information to any regularly constituted committee of the Senate or House of Representatives of the United States of America, or joint committee thereof.\n(d)\n(1) Any person convicted of a violation of this section shall forfeit to the United States irrespective of any provision of State law\u2014\n(A) any property constituting, or derived from, any proceeds the person obtained, directly or indirectly, as the result of such violation; and\n(B) any of the person\u2019s property used, or intended to be used, in any manner or part, to commit, or to facilitate the commission of, such violation.\n(2) The court, in imposing sentence on a defendant for a conviction of a violation of this section, shall order that the defendant forfeit to the United States all property described in paragraph (1).\n(3) Except as provided in paragraph (4), the provisions of subsections (b), (c), and (e) through (p) of section 413 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (\n(A) property subject to forfeiture under this subsection;\n(B) any seizure or disposition of such property; and\n(C) any administrative or judicial proceeding in relation to such property,\nif not inconsistent with this subsection.\n(4) Notwithstanding\nsection 524(c) of title 28\n42 U.S.C. 10601\n1\n1 See References in Text note below.\n(5) As used in this subsection, the term \u201cState\u201d means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any territory or possession of the United States.","url":"https://projectusc.org/usc/t18/s798.html","content":[{"t":"sec","id":"/us/usc/t18/s798","children":[{"t":"num","text":"\u00a7\u202f798."},{"t":"heading","text":"Disclosure of classified information"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t18/s798/a","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(a)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" Whoever knowingly and willfully communicates, furnishes, transmits, or otherwise makes available to an unauthorized person, or publishes, or uses in any manner prejudicial to the safety or interest of the United States or for the benefit of any foreign government to the detriment of the United States any classified information\u2014"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t18/s798/a/1","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(1)"},{"t":"content","text":" concerning the nature, preparation, or use of any code, cipher, or cryptographic system of the United States or any foreign government; or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t18/s798/a/2","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(2)"},{"t":"content","text":" concerning the design, construction, use, maintenance, or repair of any device, apparatus, or appliance used or prepared or planned for use by the United States or any foreign government for cryptographic or communication intelligence purposes; or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t18/s798/a/3","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(3)"},{"t":"content","text":" concerning the communication intelligence activities of the United States or any foreign government; or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t18/s798/a/4","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(4)"},{"t":"content","text":" obtained by the processes of communication intelligence from the communications of any foreign government, knowing the same to have been obtained by such processes\u2014","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t18/s798/b","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(b)"},{"t":"content","text":" As used in subsection (a) of this section\u2014","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cclassified information\u201d means information which, at the time of a violation of this section, is, for reasons of national security, specifically designated by a United States Government Agency for limited or restricted dissemination or distribution;","tail":"\n"},{"t":"p","text":"The terms \u201ccode,\u201d \u201ccipher,\u201d and \u201ccryptographic system\u201d include in their meanings, in addition to their usual meanings, any method of secret writing and any mechanical or electrical device or method used for the purpose of disguising or concealing the contents, significance, or meanings of communications;","tail":"\n"},{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cforeign government\u201d includes in its meaning any person or persons acting or purporting to act for or on behalf of any faction, party, department, agency, bureau, or military force of or within a foreign country, or for or on behalf of any government or any person or persons purporting to act as a government within a foreign country, whether or not such government is recognized by the United States;","tail":"\n"},{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201ccommunication intelligence\u201d means all procedures and methods used in the interception of communications and the obtaining of information from such communications by other than the intended recipients;","tail":"\n"},{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cunauthorized person\u201d means any person who, or agency which, is not authorized to receive information of the categories set forth in subsection (a) of this section, by the President, or by the head of a department or agency of the United States Government which is expressly designated by the President to engage in communication intelligence activities for the United States.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t18/s798/c","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(c)"},{"t":"content","text":" Nothing in this section shall prohibit the furnishing, upon lawful demand, of information to any regularly constituted committee of the Senate or House of Representatives of the United States of America, or joint committee thereof.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t18/s798/d","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(d)"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t18/s798/d/1","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(1)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" Any person convicted of a violation of this section shall forfeit to the United States irrespective of any provision of State law\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t18/s798/d/1/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" any property constituting, or derived from, any proceeds the person obtained, directly or indirectly, as the result of such violation; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t18/s798/d/1/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" any of the person\u2019s property used, or intended to be used, in any manner or part, to commit, or to facilitate the commission of, such violation.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t18/s798/d/2","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(2)"},{"t":"content","text":" The court, in imposing sentence on a defendant for a conviction of a violation of this section, shall order that the defendant forfeit to the United States all property described in paragraph (1).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t18/s798/d/3","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(3)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" Except as provided in paragraph (4), the provisions of subsections (b), (c), and (e) through (p) of section 413 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"21 U.S.C. 853(b)","href":"/us/usc/t21/s853/b","tail":", (c), and (e)\u2013(p)), shall apply to\u2014"}]},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t18/s798/d/3/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" property subject to forfeiture under this subsection;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t18/s798/d/3/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" any seizure or disposition of such property; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t18/s798/d/3/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"content","text":" any administrative or judicial proceeding in relation to such property,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"if not inconsistent with this subsection.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t18/s798/d/4","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(4)"},{"t":"content","text":" Notwithstanding ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 524(c) of title 28","href":"/us/usc/t28/s524/c","tail":", there shall be deposited in the Crime Victims Fund established under section 1402 of the Victims of Crime Act of 1984 ("},{"t":"ref","text":"42 U.S.C. 10601","href":"/us/usc/t42/s10601","tail":")\u202f"},{"t":"ref","text":"1"},{"t":"num","text":"1","tail":"\u202fSee References in Text note below."},{"t":"text","text":"\u202fSee References in Text note below.","tail":" all amounts from the forfeiture of property under this subsection remaining after the payment of expenses for forfeiture and sale authorized by law."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t18/s798/d/5","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(5)"},{"t":"content","text":" As used in this subsection, the term \u201cState\u201d means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any territory or possession of the United States.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"}]}]}