{"identifier":"/us/usc/t20/s9501","title":20,"num":"\u00a7\u202f9501.","heading":"Definitions","text":"\u00a7\u202f9501.\nDefinitions\nIn this subchapter:\n(1)\n(A)\nIn general\nThe terms \u201celementary school\u201d, \u201csecondary school\u201d, \u201clocal educational agency\u201d, and \u201cState educational agency\u201d have the meanings given those terms in\nsection 7801 of this title\n(B)\nOutlying areas\nThe term \u201coutlying areas\u201d has the meaning given such term in\nsection 6331(c) of this title\n(C)\nFreely associated states\nThe term \u201cfreely associated states\u201d means the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of Palau.\n(2)\nApplied research\nThe term \u201capplied research\u201d means research\u2014\n(A) to gain knowledge or understanding necessary for determining the means by which a recognized and specific need may be met; and\n(B) that is specifically directed to the advancement of practice in the field of education.\n(3)\nBasic research\nThe term \u201cbasic research\u201d means research\u2014\n(A) to gain fundamental knowledge or understanding of phenomena and observable facts, without specific application toward processes or products; and\n(B) for the advancement of knowledge in the field of education.\n(4)\nBoard\nThe term \u201cBoard\u201d means the National Board for Education Sciences established under\nsection 9516 of this title\n(5)\nBureau\nThe term \u201cBureau\u201d means the Bureau of Indian Affairs.\n(6)\nComprehensive center\nThe term \u201ccomprehensive center\u201d means an entity established under\nsection 9602 of this title\n(7)\nDepartment\nThe term \u201cDepartment\u201d means the Department of Education.\n(8)\nDevelopment\nThe term \u201cdevelopment\u201d means the systematic use of knowledge or understanding gained from the findings of scientifically valid research and the shaping of that knowledge or understanding into products or processes that can be applied and evaluated and may prove useful in areas such as the preparation of materials and new methods of instruction and practices in teaching, that lead to the improvement of the academic skills of students, and that are replicable in different educational settings.\n(9)\nDirector\nThe term \u201cDirector\u201d means the Director of the Institute of Education Sciences.\n(10)\nDissemination\nThe term \u201cdissemination\u201d means the communication and transfer of the results of scientifically valid research, statistics, and evaluations, in forms that are understandable, easily accessible, and usable, or adaptable for use in, the improvement of educational practice by teachers, administrators, librarians, other practitioners, researchers, parents, policymakers, and the public, through technical assistance, publications, electronic transfer, and other means.\n(11)\nEarly childhood educator\nThe term \u201cearly childhood educator\u201d means a person providing, or employed by a provider of, nonresidential child care services (including center-based, family-based, and in-home child care services) that is legally operating under State law, and that complies with applicable State and local requirements for the provision of child care services to children at any age from birth through the age at which a child may start kindergarten in that State.\n(12)\nField-initiated research\nThe term \u201cfield-initiated research\u201d means basic research or applied research in which specific questions and methods of study are generated by investigators (including teachers and other practitioners) and that conforms to standards of scientifically valid research.\n(13)\nHistorically Black college or university\nThe term \u201chistorically Black college or university\u201d means a part B institution as defined in\nsection 1061 of this title\n(14)\nInstitute\nThe term \u201cInstitute\u201d means the Institute of Education Sciences established under\nsection 9511 of this title\n(15)\nInstitution of higher education\nThe term \u201cinstitution of higher education\u201d has the meaning given that term in\nsection 1001(a) of this title\n(16)\nNational research and development center\nThe term \u201cnational research and development center\u201d means a research and development center supported under\nsection 9533(c) of this title\n(17)\nProvider of early childhood services\nThe term \u201cprovider of early childhood services\u201d means a public or private entity that serves young children, including\u2014\n(A) child care providers;\n(B) Head Start agencies operating Head Start programs, and entities carrying out Early Head Start programs, under the Head Start Act (\n42 U.S.C. 9831\n(C) preschools;\n(D) kindergartens; and\n(E) libraries.\n(18)\nScientifically based research standards\n(A) The term \u201cscientifically based research standards\u201d means research standards that\u2014\n(i) apply rigorous, systematic, and objective methodology to obtain reliable and valid knowledge relevant to education activities and programs; and\n(ii) present findings and make claims that are appropriate to and supported by the methods that have been employed.\n(B) The term includes, appropriate to the research being conducted\u2014\n(i) employing systematic, empirical methods that draw on observation or experiment;\n(ii) involving data analyses that are adequate to support the general findings;\n(iii) relying on measurements or observational methods that provide reliable data;\n(iv) making claims of causal relationships only in random assignment experiments or other designs (to the extent such designs substantially eliminate plausible competing explanations for the obtained results);\n(v) ensuring that studies and methods are presented in sufficient detail and clarity to allow for replication or, at a minimum, to offer the opportunity to build systematically on the findings of the research;\n(vi) obtaining acceptance by a peer-reviewed journal or approval by a panel of independent experts through a comparably rigorous, objective, and scientific review; and\n(vii) using research designs and methods appropriate to the research question posed.\n(19)\nScientifically valid education evaluation\nThe term \u201cscientifically valid education evaluation\u201d means an evaluation that\u2014\n(A) adheres to the highest possible standards of quality with respect to research design and statistical analysis;\n(B) provides an adequate description of the programs evaluated and, to the extent possible, examines the relationship between program implementation and program impacts;\n(C) provides an analysis of the results achieved by the program with respect to its projected effects;\n(D) employs experimental designs using random assignment, when feasible, and other research methodologies that allow for the strongest possible causal inferences when random assignment is not feasible; and\n(E) may study program implementation through a combination of scientifically valid and reliable methods.\n(20)\nScientifically valid research\nThe term \u201cscientifically valid research\u201d includes applied research, basic research, and field-initiated research in which the rationale, design, and interpretation are soundly developed in accordance with scientifically based research standards.\n(21)\nSecretary\nThe term \u201cSecretary\u201d means the Secretary of Education.\n(22)\nState\nThe term \u201cState\u201d includes (except as provided in\nsection 9548 of this title\n(23)\nTechnical assistance\nThe term \u201ctechnical assistance\u201d means\u2014\n(A) assistance in identifying, selecting, or designing solutions based on research, including professional development and high-quality training to implement solutions leading to\u2014\n(i) improved educational and other practices and classroom instruction based on scientifically valid research; and\n(ii) improved planning, design, and administration of programs;\n(B) assistance in interpreting, analyzing, and utilizing statistics and evaluations; and\n(C) other assistance necessary to encourage the improvement of teaching and learning through the applications of techniques supported by scientifically valid research.","url":"https://projectusc.org/usc/t20/s9501.html","content":[{"t":"sec","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501","children":[{"t":"num","text":"\u00a7\u202f9501."},{"t":"heading","text":"Definitions","tail":"\n"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"In this subchapter:"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/1","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(1)"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/1/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The terms \u201celementary school\u201d, \u201csecondary school\u201d, \u201clocal educational agency\u201d, and \u201cState educational agency\u201d have the meanings given those terms in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 7801 of this title","href":"/us/usc/t20/s7801","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/1/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Outlying areas"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201coutlying areas\u201d has the meaning given such term in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 6331(c) of this title","href":"/us/usc/t20/s6331/c","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/1/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Freely associated states"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cfreely associated states\u201d means the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of Palau.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/2","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(2)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Applied research"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201capplied research\u201d means research\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/2/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" to gain knowledge or understanding necessary for determining the means by which a recognized and specific need may be met; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/2/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" that is specifically directed to the advancement of practice in the field of education.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/3","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(3)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Basic research"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201cbasic research\u201d means research\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/3/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" to gain fundamental knowledge or understanding of phenomena and observable facts, without specific application toward processes or products; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/3/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" for the advancement of knowledge in the field of education.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/4","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(4)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Board"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cBoard\u201d means the National Board for Education Sciences established under ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 9516 of this title","href":"/us/usc/t20/s9516","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/5","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(5)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Bureau"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cBureau\u201d means the Bureau of Indian Affairs.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/6","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(6)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Comprehensive center"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201ccomprehensive center\u201d means an entity established under ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 9602 of this title","href":"/us/usc/t20/s9602","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/7","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(7)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Department"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cDepartment\u201d means the Department of Education.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/8","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(8)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Development"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cdevelopment\u201d means the systematic use of knowledge or understanding gained from the findings of scientifically valid research and the shaping of that knowledge or understanding into products or processes that can be applied and evaluated and may prove useful in areas such as the preparation of materials and new methods of instruction and practices in teaching, that lead to the improvement of the academic skills of students, and that are replicable in different educational settings.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/9","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(9)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Director"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cDirector\u201d means the Director of the Institute of Education Sciences.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/10","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(10)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Dissemination"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cdissemination\u201d means the communication and transfer of the results of scientifically valid research, statistics, and evaluations, in forms that are understandable, easily accessible, and usable, or adaptable for use in, the improvement of educational practice by teachers, administrators, librarians, other practitioners, researchers, parents, policymakers, and the public, through technical assistance, publications, electronic transfer, and other means.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/11","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(11)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Early childhood educator"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cearly childhood educator\u201d means a person providing, or employed by a provider of, nonresidential child care services (including center-based, family-based, and in-home child care services) that is legally operating under State law, and that complies with applicable State and local requirements for the provision of child care services to children at any age from birth through the age at which a child may start kindergarten in that State.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/12","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(12)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Field-initiated research"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cfield-initiated research\u201d means basic research or applied research in which specific questions and methods of study are generated by investigators (including teachers and other practitioners) and that conforms to standards of scientifically valid research.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/13","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(13)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Historically Black college or university"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201chistorically Black college or university\u201d means a part B institution as defined in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 1061 of this title","href":"/us/usc/t20/s1061","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/14","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(14)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Institute"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cInstitute\u201d means the Institute of Education Sciences established under ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 9511 of this title","href":"/us/usc/t20/s9511","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/15","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(15)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Institution of higher education"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cinstitution of higher education\u201d has the meaning given that term in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 1001(a) of this title","href":"/us/usc/t20/s1001/a","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/16","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(16)"},{"t":"heading","text":"National research and development center"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cnational research and development center\u201d means a research and development center supported under ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 9533(c) of this title","href":"/us/usc/t20/s9533/c","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/17","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(17)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Provider of early childhood services"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201cprovider of early childhood services\u201d means a public or private entity that serves young children, including\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/17/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" child care providers;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/17/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" Head Start agencies operating Head Start programs, and entities carrying out Early Head Start programs, under the Head Start Act (","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"42 U.S.C. 9831","href":"/us/usc/t42/s9831","tail":" et seq.);"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/17/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"content","text":" preschools;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/17/D","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(D)"},{"t":"content","text":" kindergartens; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/17/E","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(E)"},{"t":"content","text":" libraries.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/18","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(18)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Scientifically based research standards"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/18/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" The term \u201cscientifically based research standards\u201d means research standards that\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/18/A/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" apply rigorous, systematic, and objective methodology to obtain reliable and valid knowledge relevant to education activities and programs; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/18/A/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" present findings and make claims that are appropriate to and supported by the methods that have been employed.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/18/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" The term includes, appropriate to the research being conducted\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/18/B/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" employing systematic, empirical methods that draw on observation or experiment;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/18/B/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" involving data analyses that are adequate to support the general findings;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/18/B/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"content","text":" relying on measurements or observational methods that provide reliable data;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/18/B/iv","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iv)"},{"t":"content","text":" making claims of causal relationships only in random assignment experiments or other designs (to the extent such designs substantially eliminate plausible competing explanations for the obtained results);","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/18/B/v","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(v)"},{"t":"content","text":" ensuring that studies and methods are presented in sufficient detail and clarity to allow for replication or, at a minimum, to offer the opportunity to build systematically on the findings of the research;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/18/B/vi","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(vi)"},{"t":"content","text":" obtaining acceptance by a peer-reviewed journal or approval by a panel of independent experts through a comparably rigorous, objective, and scientific review; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/18/B/vii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(vii)"},{"t":"content","text":" using research designs and methods appropriate to the research question posed.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/19","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(19)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Scientifically valid education evaluation"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201cscientifically valid education evaluation\u201d means an evaluation that\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/19/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" adheres to the highest possible standards of quality with respect to research design and statistical analysis;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/19/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" provides an adequate description of the programs evaluated and, to the extent possible, examines the relationship between program implementation and program impacts;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/19/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"content","text":" provides an analysis of the results achieved by the program with respect to its projected effects;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/19/D","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(D)"},{"t":"content","text":" employs experimental designs using random assignment, when feasible, and other research methodologies that allow for the strongest possible causal inferences when random assignment is not feasible; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/19/E","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(E)"},{"t":"content","text":" may study program implementation through a combination of scientifically valid and reliable methods.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/20","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(20)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Scientifically valid research"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cscientifically valid research\u201d includes applied research, basic research, and field-initiated research in which the rationale, design, and interpretation are soundly developed in accordance with scientifically based research standards.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/21","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(21)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Secretary"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cSecretary\u201d means the Secretary of Education.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/22","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(22)"},{"t":"heading","text":"State"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cState\u201d includes (except as provided in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 9548 of this title","href":"/us/usc/t20/s9548","tail":") each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the freely associated states, and the outlying areas."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/23","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(23)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Technical assistance"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201ctechnical assistance\u201d means\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/23/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" assistance in identifying, selecting, or designing solutions based on research, including professional development and high-quality training to implement solutions leading to\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/23/A/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" improved educational and other practices and classroom instruction based on scientifically valid research; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/23/A/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" improved planning, design, and administration of programs;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/23/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" assistance in interpreting, analyzing, and utilizing statistics and evaluations; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t20/s9501/23/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"content","text":" other assistance necessary to encourage the improvement of teaching and learning through the applications of techniques supported by scientifically valid research.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"}]}]}