{"identifier":"/us/usc/t26/s7701","title":26,"num":"\u00a7\u202f7701.","heading":"Definitions","text":"\u00a7\u202f7701.\nDefinitions\n(a) When used in this title, where not otherwise distinctly expressed or manifestly incompatible with the intent thereof\u2014\n(1)\nPerson\nThe term \u201cperson\u201d shall be construed to mean an+d include an individual, a trust, estate, partnership, association, company or corporation.\n(2)\nPartnership and partner\nThe term \u201cpartnership\u201d includes a syndicate, group, pool, joint venture, or other unincorporated organization, through or by means of which any business, financial operation, or venture is carried on, and which is not, within the meaning of this title, a trust or estate or a corporation; and the term \u201cpartner\u201d includes a member in such a syndicate, group, pool, joint venture, or organization.\n(3)\nCorporation\nThe term \u201ccorporation\u201d includes associations, joint-stock companies, and insurance companies.\n(4)\nDomestic\nThe term \u201cdomestic\u201d when applied to a corporation or partnership means created or organized in the United States or under the law of the United States or of any State unless, in the case of a partnership, the Secretary provides otherwise by regulations.\n(5)\nForeign\nThe term \u201cforeign\u201d when applied to a corporation or partnership means a corporation or partnership which is not domestic.\n(6)\nFiduciary\nThe term \u201cfiduciary\u201d means a guardian, trustee, executor, administrator, receiver, conservator, or any person acting in any fiduciary capacity for any person.\n(7)\nStock\nThe term \u201cstock\u201d includes shares in an association, joint-stock company, or insurance company.\n(8)\nShareholder\nThe term \u201cshareholder\u201d includes a member in an association, joint-stock company, or insurance company.\n(9)\nUnited States\nThe term \u201cUnited States\u201d when used in a geographical sense includes only the States and the District of Columbia.\n(10)\nState\nThe term \u201cState\u201d shall be construed to include the District of Columbia, where such construction is necessary to carry out provisions of this title.\n(11)\nSecretary of the Treasury and Secretary\n(A)\nSecretary of the Treasury\nThe term \u201cSecretary of the Treasury\u201d means the Secretary of the Treasury, personally, and shall not include any delegate of his.\n(B)\nSecretary\nThe term \u201cSecretary\u201d means the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate.\n(12)\nDelegate\n(A)\nIn general\nThe term \u201cor his delegate\u201d\u2014\n(i) when used with reference to the Secretary of the Treasury, means any officer, employee, or agency of the Treasury Department duly authorized by the Secretary of the Treasury directly, or indirectly by one or more redelegations of authority, to perform the function mentioned or described in the context; and\n(ii) when used with reference to any other official of the United States, shall be similarly construed.\n(B)\nPerformance of certain functions in Guam or American Samoa\nThe term \u201cdelegate,\u201d in relation to the performance of functions in Guam or American Samoa with respect to the taxes imposed by chapters 1, 2, and 21, also includes any officer or employee of any other department or agency of the United States, or of any possession thereof, duly authorized by the Secretary (directly, or indirectly by one or more redelegations of authority) to perform such functions.\n(13)\nCommissioner\nThe term \u201cCommissioner\u201d means the Commissioner of Internal Revenue.\n(14)\nTaxpayer\nThe term \u201ctaxpayer\u201d means any person subject to any internal revenue tax.\n(15)\nMilitary or naval forces and armed forces of the United States\nThe term \u201cmilitary or naval forces of the United States\u201d and the term \u201cArmed Forces of the United States\u201d each includes all regular and reserve components of the uniformed services which are subject to the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, or the Secretary of the Air Force, and each term also includes the Coast Guard. The members of such forces include commissioned officers and personnel below the grade of commissioned officers in such forces.\n(16)\nWithholding agent\nThe term \u201cwithholding agent\u201d means any person required to deduct and withhold any tax under the provisions of section 1441, 1442, 1443, or 1461.\n(17)\nHusband and wife\nAs used in section 2516, if the husband and wife therein referred to are divorced, wherever appropriate to the meaning of such section, the term \u201cwife\u201d shall be read \u201cformer wife\u201d and the term \u201chusband\u201d shall be read \u201cformer husband\u201d; and, if the payments described in such section are made by or on behalf of the wife or former wife to the husband or former husband instead of vice versa, wherever appropriate to the meaning of such section, the term \u201chusband\u201d shall be read \u201cwife\u201d and the term \u201cwife\u201d shall be read \u201chusband.\u201d\n(18)\nInternational organization\nThe term \u201cinternational organization\u201d means a public international organization entitled to enjoy privileges, exemptions, and immunities as an international organization under the International Organizations Immunities Act (\n22 U.S.C. 288\u2013288f\n(19)\nDomestic building and loan association\nThe term \u201cdomestic building and loan association\u201d means a domestic building and loan association, a domestic savings and loan association, and a Federal savings and loan association\u2014\n(A) which is subject by law to supervision and examination by State or Federal authority having supervision over such associations;\n(B) the business of which consists principally of acquiring the savings of the public and investing in loans; and\n(C) at least 60 percent of the amount of the total assets of which (at the close of the taxable year) consists of\u2014\n(i) cash,\n(ii) obligations of the United States or of a State or political subdivision thereof, and stock or obligations of a corporation which is an instrumentality of the United States or of a State or political subdivision thereof, but not including obligations the interest on which is excludable from gross income under section 103,\n(iii) certificates of deposit in, or obligations of, a corporation organized under a State law which specifically authorizes such corporation to insure the deposits or share accounts of member associations,\n(iv) loans secured by a deposit or share of a member,\n(v) loans (including redeemable ground rents, as defined in section 1055) secured by an interest in real property which is (or, from the proceeds of the loan, will become) residential real property or real property used primarily for church purposes, loans made for the improvement of residential real property or real property used primarily for church purposes, provided that for purposes of this clause, residential real property shall include single or multifamily dwellings, facilities in residential developments dedicated to public use or property used on a nonprofit basis for residents, and mobile homes not used on a transient basis,\n(vi) loans secured by an interest in real property located within an urban renewal area to be developed for predominantly residential use under an urban renewal plan approved by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under part A or part B of title I of the Housing Act of 1949, as amended, or located within any area covered by a program eligible for assistance under section 103 of the Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966, as amended, and loans made for the improvement of any such real property,\n(vii) loans secured by an interest in educational, health, or welfare institutions or facilities, including structures designed or used primarily for residential purposes for students, residents, and persons under care, employees, or members of the staff of such institutions or facilities,\n(viii) property acquired through the liquidation of defaulted loans described in clause (v), (vi), or (vii),\n(ix) loans made for the payment of expenses of college or university education or vocational training, in accordance with such regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary,\n(x) property used by the association in the conduct of the business described in subparagraph (B), and\n(xi) any regular or residual interest in a REMIC, but only in the proportion which the assets of such REMIC consist of property described in any of the preceding clauses of this subparagraph; except that if 95 percent or more of the assets of such REMIC are assets described in clauses (i) through (x), the entire interest in the REMIC shall qualify.\nAt the election of the taxpayer, the percentage specified in this subparagraph shall be applied on the basis of the average assets outstanding during the taxable year, in lieu of the close of the taxable year, computed under regulations prescribed by the Secretary. For purposes of clause (v), if a multifamily structure securing a loan is used in part for nonresidential purposes, the entire loan is deemed a residential real property loan if the planned residential use exceeds 80 percent of the property\u2019s planned use (determined as of the time the loan is made). For purposes of clause (v), loans made to finance the acquisition or development of land shall be deemed to be loans secured by an interest in residential real property if, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, there is reasonable assurance that the property will become residential real property within a period of 3 years from the date of acquisition of such land; but this sentence shall not apply for any taxable year unless, within such 3-year period, such land becomes residential real property. For purposes of determining whether any interest in a REMIC qualifies under clause (xi), any regular interest in another REMIC held by such REMIC shall be treated as a loan described in a preceding clause under principles similar to the principles of clause (xi); except that, if such REMIC\u2019s are part of a tiered structure, they shall be treated as 1 REMIC for purposes of clause (xi).\n(20)\nEmployee\nFor the purpose of applying the provisions of section 79 with respect to group-term life insurance purchased for employees, for the purpose of applying the provisions of sections 104, 105, and 106 with respect to accident and health insurance or accident and health plans, and for the purpose of applying the provisions of subtitle A with respect to contributions to or under a stock bonus, pension, profit-sharing, or annuity plan, and with respect to distributions under such a plan, or by a trust forming part of such a plan, and for purposes of applying section 125 with respect to cafeteria plans, the term \u201cemployee\u201d shall include a full-time life insurance salesman who is considered an employee for the purpose of chapter 21.\n(21)\nLevy\nThe term \u201clevy\u201d includes the power of distraint and seizure by any means.\n(22)\nAttorney General\nThe term \u201cAttorney General\u201d means the Attorney General of the United States.\n(23)\nTaxable year\nThe term \u201ctaxable year\u201d means the calendar year, or the fiscal year ending during such calendar year, upon the basis of which the taxable income is computed under subtitle A. \u201cTaxable year\u201d means, in the case of a return made for a fractional part of a year under the provisions of subtitle A or under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, the period for which such return is made.\n(24)\nFiscal year\nThe term \u201cfiscal year\u201d means an accounting period of 12 months ending on the last day of any month other than December.\n(25)\nPaid or incurred, paid or accrued\nThe terms \u201cpaid or incurred\u201d and \u201cpaid or accrued\u201d shall be construed according to the method of accounting upon the basis of which the taxable income is computed under subtitle A.\n(26)\nTrade or business\nThe term \u201ctrade or business\u201d includes the performance of the functions of a public office.\n(27)\nTax Court\nThe term \u201cTax Court\u201d means the United States Tax Court.\n(28)\nOther terms\nAny term used in this subtitle with respect to the application of, or in connection with, the provisions of any other subtitle of this title shall have the same meaning as in such provisions.\n(29)\nInternal Revenue Code\nThe term \u201cInternal Revenue Code of 1986\u201d means this title, and the term \u201cInternal Revenue Code of 1939\u201d means the Internal Revenue Code enacted\nFebruary 10, 1939\n(30)\nUnited States person\nThe term \u201cUnited States person\u201d means\u2014\n(A) a citizen or resident of the United States,\n(B) a domestic partnership,\n(C) a domestic corporation,\n(D) any estate (other than a foreign estate, within the meaning of paragraph (31)), and\n(E) any trust if\u2014\n(i) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust, and\n(ii) one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust.\n(31)\nForeign estate or trust\n(A)\nForeign estate\nThe term \u201cforeign estate\u201d means an estate the income of which, from sources without the United States which is not effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States, is not includible in gross income under subtitle A.\n(B)\nForeign trust\nThe term \u201cforeign trust\u201d means any trust other than a trust described in subparagraph (E) of paragraph (30).\n(32)\nCooperative bank\nThe term \u201ccooperative bank\u201d means an institution without capital stock organized and operated for mutual purposes and without profit, which\u2014\n(A) is subject by law to supervision and examination by State or Federal authority having supervision over such institutions, and\n(B) meets the requirements of subparagraphs (B) and (C) of paragraph (19) of this subsection (relating to definition of domestic building and loan association).\nIn determining whether an institution meets the requirements referred to in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, any reference to an association or to a domestic building and loan association contained in paragraph (19) shall be deemed to be a reference to such institution.\n(33)\nRegulated public utility\nThe term \u201cregulated public utility\u201d means\u2014\n(A) A corporation engaged in the furnishing or sale of\u2014\n(i) electric energy, gas, water, or sewerage disposal services, or\n(ii) transportation (not included in subparagraph (C)) on an intrastate, suburban, municipal, or interurban electric railroad, on an intrastate, municipal, or suburban trackless trolley system, or on a municipal or suburban bus system, or\n(iii) transportation (not included in clause (ii)) by motor vehicle\u2014\nif the rates for such furnishing or sale, as the case may be, have been established or approved by a State or political subdivision thereof, by an agency or instrumentality of the United States, by a public service or public utility commission or other similar body of the District of Columbia or of any State or political subdivision thereof, or by a foreign country or an agency or instrumentality or political subdivision thereof.\n(B) A corporation engaged as a common carrier in the furnishing or sale of transportation of gas by pipe line, if subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.\n(C) A corporation engaged as a common carrier (i) in the furnishing or sale of transportation by railroad, if subject to the jurisdiction of the Surface Transportation Board, or (ii) in the furnishing or sale of transportation of oil or other petroleum products (including shale oil) by pipe line, if subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission or if the rates for such furnishing or sale are subject to the jurisdiction of a public service or public utility commission or other similar body of the District of Columbia or of any State.\n(D) A corporation engaged in the furnishing or sale of telephone or telegraph service, if the rates for such furnishing or sale meet the requirements of subparagraph (A).\n(E) A corporation engaged in the furnishing or sale of transportation as a common carrier by air, subject to the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Transportation.\n(F) A corporation engaged in the furnishing or sale of transportation by a water carrier subject to jurisdiction under subchapter II of chapter 135 of title 49.\n(G) A rail carrier subject to part A of subtitle IV of title 49, if (i) substantially all of its railroad properties have been leased to another such railroad corporation or corporations by an agreement or agreements entered into before\nJanuary 1, 1954\nJanuary 1, 1954\nJanuary 1, 1954\n(H) A common parent corporation which is a common carrier by railroad subject to part A of subtitle IV of title 49 if at least 80 percent of its gross income (computed without regard to capital gains or losses) is derived directly or indirectly from sources described in subparagraphs (A) through (F), inclusive. For purposes of the preceding sentence, dividends and interest, and income from leases described in subparagraph (G), received from a regulated public utility shall be considered as derived from sources described in subparagraphs (A) through (F), inclusive, if the regulated public utility is a member of an affiliated group (as defined in section 1504) which includes the common parent corporation.\nThe term \u201cregulated public utility\u201d does not (except as provided in subparagraphs (G) and (H)) include a corporation described in subparagraphs (A) through (F), inclusive, unless 80 percent or more of its gross income (computed without regard to dividends and capital gains and losses) for the taxable year is derived from sources described in subparagraphs (A) through (F), inclusive. If the taxpayer establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary that (i) its revenue from regulated rates described in subparagraph (A) or (D) and its revenue derived from unregulated rates are derived from the operation of a single interconnected and coordinated system or from the operation of more than one such system, and (ii) the unregulated rates have been and are substantially as favorable to users and consumers as are the regulated rates, then such revenue from such unregulated rates shall be considered, for purposes of the preceding sentence, as income derived from sources described in subparagraph (A) or (D).\n[(34)\nRepealed. Pub. L. 98\u2013369, div. A, title IV, \u00a7\u202f4112(b)(11), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 792]\n(35)\nEnrolled actuary\nThe term \u201cenrolled actuary\u201d means a person who is enrolled by the Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries established under subtitle C of the title III of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.\n(36)\nTax return preparer\n(A)\nIn general\nThe term \u201ctax return preparer\u201d means any person who prepares for compensation, or who employs one or more persons to prepare for compensation, any return of tax imposed by this title or any claim for refund of tax imposed by this title. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the preparation of a substantial portion of a return or claim for refund shall be treated as if it were the preparation of such return or claim for refund.\n(B)\nExceptions\nA person shall not be a \u201ctax return preparer\u201d merely because such person\u2014\n(i) furnishes typing, reproducing, or other mechanical assistance,\n(ii) prepares a return or claim for refund of the employer (or of an officer or employee of the employer) by whom he is regularly and continuously employed,\n(iii) prepares as a fiduciary a return or claim for refund for any person, or\n(iv) prepares a claim for refund for a taxpayer in response to any notice of deficiency issued to such taxpayer or in response to any waiver of restriction after the commencement of an audit of such taxpayer or another taxpayer if a determination in such audit of such other taxpayer directly or indirectly affects the tax liability of such taxpayer.\n(37)\nIndividual retirement plan\nThe term \u201cindividual retirement plan\u201d means\u2014\n(A) an individual retirement account described in section 408(a), and\n(B) an individual retirement annuity described in section 408(b).\n(38)\nJoint return\nThe term \u201cjoint return\u201d means a single return made jointly under section 6013 by a husband and wife.\n(39)\nPersons residing outside United States\nIf any citizen or resident of the United States does not reside in (and is not found in) any United States judicial district, such citizen or resident shall be treated as residing in the District of Columbia for purposes of any provision of this title relating to\u2014\n(A) jurisdiction of courts, or\n(B) enforcement of summons.\n(40)\nIndian tribal government\n(A)\nIn general\nThe term \u201cIndian tribal government\u201d means the governing body of any tribe, band, community, village, or group of Indians, or (if applicable) Alaska Natives, which is determined by the Secretary, after consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, to exercise governmental functions.\n(B)\nSpecial rule for Alaska Natives\nNo determination under subparagraph (A) with respect to Alaska Natives shall grant or defer any status or powers other than those enumerated in section 7871. Nothing in the Indian Tribal Governmental Tax Status Act of 1982, or in the amendments made thereby, shall validate or invalidate any claim by Alaska Natives of sovereign authority over lands or people.\n(41)\nTIN\nThe term \u201cTIN\u201d means the identifying number assigned to a person under section 6109.\n(42)\nSubstituted basis property\nThe term \u201csubstituted basis property\u201d means property which is\u2014\n(A) transferred basis property, or\n(B) exchanged basis property.\n(43)\nTransferred basis property\nThe term \u201ctransferred basis property\u201d means property having a basis determined under any provision of subtitle A (or under any corresponding provision of prior income tax law) providing that the basis shall be determined in whole or in part by reference to the basis in the hands of the donor, grantor, or other transferor.\n(44)\nExchanged basis property\nThe term \u201cexchanged basis property\u201d means property having a basis determined under any provision of subtitle A (or under any corresponding provision of prior income tax law) providing that the basis shall be determined in whole or in part by reference to other property held at any time by the person for whom the basis is to be determined.\n(45)\nNonrecognition transaction\nThe term \u201cnonrecognition transaction\u201d means any disposition of property in a transaction in which gain or loss is not recognized in whole or in part for purposes of subtitle A.\n(46)\nDetermination of whether there is a collective bargaining agreement\nIn determining whether there is a collective bargaining agreement between employee representatives and 1 or more employers, the term \u201cemployee representatives\u201d shall not include any organization more than one-half of the members of which are employees who are owners, officers, or executives of the employer. An agreement shall not be treated as a collective bargaining agreement unless it is a bona fide agreement between bona fide employee representatives and 1 or more employers.\n[(47)\nRepealed. Pub. L. 111\u2013312, title III, \u00a7\u202f301(a), Dec. 17, 2010, 124 Stat. 3300]\n(48)\nOff-highway vehicles\n(A)\nOff-highway transportation vehicles\n(i)\nIn general\nA vehicle shall not be treated as a highway vehicle if such vehicle is specially designed for the primary function of transporting a particular type of load other than over the public highway and because of this special design such vehicle\u2019s capability to transport a load over the public highway is substantially limited or impaired.\n(ii)\nDetermination of vehicle\u2019s design\nFor purposes of clause (i), a vehicle\u2019s design is determined solely on the basis of its physical characteristics.\n(iii)\nDetermination of substantial limitation or impairment\nFor purposes of clause (i), in determining whether substantial limitation or impairment exists, account may be taken of factors such as the size of the vehicle, whether such vehicle is subject to the licensing, safety, and other requirements applicable to highway vehicles, and whether such vehicle can transport a load at a sustained speed of at least 25 miles per hour. It is immaterial that a vehicle can transport a greater load off the public highway than such vehicle is permitted to transport over the public highway.\n(B)\nNontransportation trailers and semitrailers\nA trailer or semitrailer shall not be treated as a highway vehicle if it is specially designed to function only as an enclosed stationary shelter for the carrying on of an off-highway function at an off-highway site.\n(49)\nQualified blood collector organization\nThe term \u201cqualified blood collector organization\u201d means an organization which is\u2014\n(A) described in section 501(c)(3) and exempt from tax under section 501(a),\n(B) primarily engaged in the activity of the collection of human blood,\n(C) registered with the Secretary for purposes of excise tax exemptions, and\n(D) registered by the Food and Drug Administration to collect blood.\n(50)\nTermination of United States citizenship\n(A)\nIn general\nAn individual shall not cease to be treated as a United States citizen before the date on which the individual\u2019s citizenship is treated as relinquished under section 877A(g)(4).\n(B)\nDual citizens\nUnder regulations prescribed by the Secretary, subparagraph (A) shall not apply to an individual who became at birth a citizen of the United States and a citizen of another country.\n(51)\nProhibited foreign entity\n(A)\nIn general\n(i)\nDefinition\nThe term \u201cprohibited foreign entity\u201d means a specified foreign entity or a foreign-influenced entity.\n(ii)\nDetermination\n(I)\nIn general\nSubject to subclause (II), for any taxable year, the determination as to whether an entity is a specified foreign entity or foreign-influenced entity shall be made as of the last day of such taxable year.\n(II)\nInitial taxable year\nFor purposes of the first taxable year beginning after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the determination as to whether an entity is a specified foreign entity described in clauses (i) through (iv) of subparagraph (B) shall be made as of the first day of such taxable year.\n(B)\nSpecified foreign entity\nFor purposes of this paragraph, the term \u201cspecified foreign entity\u201d means\u2014\n(i) a foreign entity of concern described in subparagraph (A), (B), (D), or (E) of section 9901(8) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (\nPublic Law 116\u2013283\n15 U.S.C. 4651\n(ii) an entity identified as a Chinese military company operating in the United States in accordance with section 1260H of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (\nPublic Law 116\u2013283\n10 U.S.C. 113\n(iii) an entity included on a list required by clause (i), (ii), (iv), or (v) of\nsection 2(d)(2)(B) of Public Law 117\u201378\n135 Stat. 1527\n(iv) an entity specified under section 154(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (\nPublic Law 118\u201331\n(v) a foreign-controlled entity.\n(C)\nForeign-controlled entity\nFor purposes of subparagraph (B), the term \u201cforeign-controlled entity\u201d means\u2014\n(i) the government (including any level of government below the national level) of a covered nation,\n(ii) an agency or instrumentality of a government described in clause (i),\n(iii) a person who is a citizen or national of a covered nation, provided that such person is not an individual who is a citizen, national, or lawful permanent resident of the United States,\n(iv) an entity or a qualified business unit (as defined in section 989(a)) incorporated or organized under the laws of, or having its principal place of business in, a covered nation, or\n(v) an entity (including subsidiary entities) controlled (as determined under subparagraph (G)) by an entity described in clause (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv).\n(D)\nForeign-influenced entity\n(i)\nIn general\nFor purposes of subparagraph (A), the term \u201cforeign-influenced entity\u201d means an entity\u2014\n(I) with respect to which, during the taxable year\u2014\n(aa) a specified foreign entity has the direct authority to appoint a covered officer of such entity,\n(bb) a single specified foreign entity owns at least 25 percent of such entity,\n(cc) one or more specified foreign entities own in the aggregate at least 40 percent of such entity, or\n(dd) at least 15 percent of the debt of such entity has been issued, in the aggregate, to 1 or more specified foreign entities, or\n(II) which, during the previous taxable year, made a payment to a specified foreign entity pursuant to a contract, agreement, or other arrangement which entitles such specified foreign entity (or an entity related to such specified foreign entity) to exercise effective control over\u2014\n(aa) any qualified facility or energy storage technology of the taxpayer (or any person related to the taxpayer), or\n(bb) with respect to any eligible component produced by the taxpayer (or any person related to the taxpayer)\u2014\n(AA) the extraction, processing, or recycling of any applicable critical mineral, or\n(BB) the production of an eligible component which is not an applicable critical mineral.\n(ii)\nEffective control\n(I)\nIn general\n(aa)\nGeneral rule\nSubject to subclause (II), for purposes of clause (i)(II), the term \u201ceffective control\u201d means 1 or more agreements or arrangements similar to those described in subclauses (II) and (III) which provide 1 or more contractual counterparties of a taxpayer with specific authority over key aspects of the production of eligible components, energy generation in a qualified facility, or energy storage which are not included in the measures of control through authority, ownership, or debt held which are described in clause (i)(I).\n(bb)\nGuidance\nThe Secretary shall issue such guidance as is necessary to carry out the purposes of this clause, including the establishment of rules to prevent entities from evading, circumventing, or abusing the application of the restrictions described subparagraph (C) and subclauses (II) and (III) of this clause through a contract, agreement, or other arrangement.\n(II)\nApplication of rules prior to issuance of guidance\nDuring any period prior to the date that the guidance described in subclause (I)(bb) is issued by the Secretary, for purposes of clause (i)(II), the term \u201ceffective control\u201d means the unrestricted contractual right of a contractual counterparty to\u2014\n(aa) determine the quantity or timing of production of an eligible component produced by the taxpayer,\n(bb) determine the amount or timing of activities related to the production of electricity undertaken at a qualified facility of the taxpayer or the storage of electrical energy in energy storage technology of the taxpayer,\n(cc) determine which entity may purchase or use the output of a production unit of the taxpayer that produces eligible components,\n(dd) determine which entity may purchase or use the output of a qualified facility of the taxpayer,\n(ee) restrict access to data critical to production or storage of energy undertaken at a qualified facility of the taxpayer, or to the site of production or any part of a qualified facility or energy storage technology of the taxpayer, to the personnel or agents of such contractual counterparty, or\n(ff) on an exclusive basis, maintain, repair, or operate any plant or equipment which is necessary to the production by the taxpayer of eligible components or electricity.\n(III)\nLicensing and other agreements\n(aa)\nIn general\nIn addition to subclause (II), for purposes of clause (i)(II), the term \u201ceffective control\u201d means, with respect to a licensing agreement for the provision of intellectual property (or any other contract, agreement or other arrangement entered into with a contractual counterparty related to such licensing agreement) with respect to a qualified facility, energy storage technology, or the production of an eligible component, any of the following:\n(AA) A contractual right retained by the contractual counterparty to specify or otherwise direct 1 or more sources of components, subcomponents, or applicable critical minerals utilized in a qualified facility, energy storage technology, or in the production of an eligible component.\n(BB) A contractual right retained by the contractual counterparty to direct the operation of any qualified facility, any energy storage technology, or any production unit that produces an eligible component.\n(CC) A contractual right retained by the contractual counterparty to limit the taxpayer\u2019s utilization of intellectual property related to the operation of a qualified facility or energy storage technology, or in the production of an eligible component.\n(DD) A contractual right retained by the contractual counterparty to receive royalties under the licensing agreement or any similar agreement (or payments under any related agreement) beyond the 10th year of the agreement (including modifications or extensions thereof).\n(EE) A contractual right retained by the contractual counterparty to direct or otherwise require the taxpayer to enter into an agreement for the provision of services for a duration longer than 2 years (including any modifications or extensions thereof).\n(FF) Such contract, agreement, or other arrangement does not provide the licensee with all the technical data, information, and know-how necessary to enable the licensee to produce the eligible component or components subject to the contract, agreement, or other arrangement without further involvement from the contractual counterparty or a specified foreign entity.\n(GG) Such contract, agreement, or other arrangement was entered into (or modified) on or after the date of enactment of this paragraph.\n(bb)\nException\n(AA)\nIn general\nItem (aa) shall not apply in the case of a bona fide purchase or sale of intellectual property.\n(BB)\nBona fide purchase or sale\nFor purposes of item (aa), any purchase or sale of intellectual property where the agreement provides that ownership of the intellectual property reverts to the contractual counterparty after a period of time shall not be considered a bona-fide purchase or sale.\n(IV)\nPersons related to the taxpayer\nFor purposes of subclauses (I), (II), and (III), the term \u201ctaxpayer\u201d shall include any person related to the taxpayer.\n(V)\nContractual counterparty\nFor purposes of this clause, the term \u201ccontractual counterparty\u201d means an entity with which the taxpayer has entered into a contract, agreement, or other arrangement.\n(iii)\nGuidance\nNot later than\nDecember 31, 2026\n(E)\nPublicly traded entities\n(i)\nIn general\n(I)\nNonapplication of certain foreign-controlled entity rules\nSubparagraph (C)(v) shall not apply in the case of any entity the securities of which are regularly traded on\u2014\n(aa) a national securities exchange which is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission,\n(bb) the national market system established pursuant to section 11A of the Securities and\n1\n1 So in original. The word \u201cand\u201d probably should not appear.\n(cc) any other exchange or other market which the Secretary has determined in guidance issued under section 1296(e)(1)(A)(ii) has rules adequate to carry out the purposes of part VI of subchapter P of chapter 1 of subtitle A.\n(II)\nNonapplication of certain foreign-influenced entity rules\nSubparagraph (D)(i)(I) shall not apply in the case of any entity\u2014\n(aa) the securities of which are regularly traded in a manner described in subclause (I), or\n(bb) for which not less than 80 percent of the equity securities of such entity are owned directly or indirectly by an entity which is described in item (aa).\n(III)\nExclusion of exchanges or markets in covered nations\nSubclause (I)(cc) shall not apply with respect to any exchange or market which\u2014\n(aa) is incorporated or organized under the laws of a covered nation, or\n(bb) has its principal place of business in a covered nation.\n(ii)\nAdditional foreign-controlled entity requirements for publicly traded companies\nIn the case of an entity described in clause (i)(I), such entity shall be deemed to be a foreign-controlled entity under subparagraph (C)(v) if such entity is controlled (as determined under subparagraph (G)) by\u2014\n(I) 1 or more specified foreign entities (as determined without regard to subparagraph (B)(v)) that are each required to report their beneficial ownership pursuant to a rule described in clause (iii)(I)(bb), or\n(II) 1 or more foreign-controlled entities (as determined without regard to subparagraph (C)(v)) that are each required to report their beneficial ownership pursuant to a rule described in such clause.\n(iii)\nAdditional foreign-influenced entity requirements for publicly traded companies\nIn the case of an entity described in clause (i)(II), such entity shall be deemed to be a foreign-influenced entity under subparagraph (D)(i)(I) if\u2014\n(I) during the taxable year\u2014\n(aa) a specified foreign entity has the authority to appoint a covered officer of such entity,\n(bb) a single specified foreign entity required to report its beneficial ownership under Rule 13d-3 of the Securities and\n1\n(cc) 1 or more specified foreign entities that are each required to report their beneficial ownership under Rule 13d-3 of the Securities and\n1\n(II) such entity has issued debt, as part of an original issuance, in excess of 15 percent of its publicly-traded debt to 1 or more specified foreign entities.\n(F)\nCovered officer\nFor purposes of this paragraph, the term \u201ccovered officer\u201d means, with respect to an entity\u2014\n(i) a member of the board of directors, board of supervisors, or equivalent governing body,\n(ii) an executive-level officer, including the president, chief executive officer, chief operating officer, chief financial officer, general counsel, or senior vice president, or\n(iii) an individual having powers or responsibilities similar to those of officers or members described in clause (i) or (ii).\n(G)\nDetermination of control\nFor purposes of subparagraph (C)(v), the term \u201ccontrol\u201d means\u2014\n(i) in the case of a corporation, ownership (by vote or value) of more than 50 percent of the stock in such corporation,\n(ii) in the case of a partnership, ownership of more than 50 percent of the profits interests or capital interests in such partnership, or\n(iii) in any other case, ownership of more than 50 percent of the beneficial interests in the entity.\n(H)\nDetermination of ownership\nFor purposes of this paragraph, section 318(a)(2) shall apply for purposes of determining ownership of stock in a corporation. Similar principles shall apply for purposes of determining ownership of interests in any other entity.\n(I)\nOther definitions\nFor purposes of this paragraph\u2014\n(i)\nApplicable critical mineral\nThe term \u201capplicable critical mineral\u201d has the same meaning given such term under section 45X(c)(6).\n(ii)\nCovered nation\nThe term \u201ccovered nation\u201d has the same meaning given such term under\nsection 4872(f)(2) of title 10\n(iii)\nEligible component\nThe term \u201celigible component\u201d has the same meaning given such term under section 45X(c)(1).\n(iv)\nEnergy storage technology\nThe term \u201cenergy storage technology\u201d has the same meaning given such term under section 48E(c)(2).\n(v)\nQualified facility\nThe term \u201cqualified facility\u201d means\u2014\n(I) a qualified facility, as defined in section 45Y(b)(1), and\n(II) a qualified facility, as defined in section 48E(b)(3).\n(vi)\nRelated\nThe term \u201crelated\u201d shall have the same meaning given such term under sections 267(b) and 707(b).\n(J)\nBeginning of construction\nFor purposes of applying any provision under this paragraph, the beginning of construction with respect to any property shall be determined pursuant to rules similar to the rules under Internal Revenue Service Notice 2013\u201329 and Internal Revenue Service Notice 2018-59 (as well as any subsequently issued guidance clarifying, modifying, or updating either such Notice), as in effect on\nJanuary 1, 2025\n(K)\nRegulations and guidance\nThe Secretary may prescribe such regulations and guidance as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the provisions of this paragraph, including rules to prevent the circumvention of any rules or restrictions with respect to prohibited foreign entities.\n(52)\nMaterial assistance from a prohibited foreign entity\n(A)\nIn general\nThe term \u201cmaterial assistance from a prohibited foreign entity\u201d means\u2014\n(i) with respect to any qualified facility or energy storage technology, a material assistance cost ratio which is less than the threshold percentage applicable under subparagraph (B), or\n(ii) with respect to any facility which produces eligible components, a material assistance cost ratio which is less than the threshold percentage applicable under subparagraph (C).\n(B)\nThreshold percentage for qualified facilities and energy storage technology\nFor purposes of subparagraph (A)(i), the threshold percentage shall be\u2014\n(i) in the case of a qualified facility the construction of which begins\u2014\n(I) during calendar year 2026, 40 percent,\n(II) during calendar year 2027, 45 percent,\n(III) during calendar year 2028, 50 percent,\n(IV) during calendar year 2029, 55 percent, and\n(V) after\nDecember 31, 2029\n(ii) in the case of energy storage technology the construction of which begins\u2014\n(I) during calendar year 2026, 55 percent,\n(II) during calendar year 2027, 60 percent,\n(III) during calendar year 2028, 65 percent,\n(IV) during calendar year 2029, 70 percent, and\n(V) after\nDecember 31, 2029\n(C)\nThreshold percentage for eligible components\n(i)\nIn general\nFor purposes of subparagraph (A)(ii), the threshold percentage shall be\u2014\n(I) in the case of any solar energy component (as such term is defined in section 45X(c)(3)(A)) which is sold\u2014\n(aa) during calendar year 2026, 50 percent,\n(bb) during calendar year 2027, 60 percent,\n(cc) during calendar year 2028, 70 percent,\n(dd) during calendar year 2029, 80 percent, and\n(ee) after\nDecember 31, 2029\n(II) in the case of any wind energy component (as such term is defined in section 45X(c)(4)(A)) which is sold\u2014\n(aa) during calendar year 2026, 85 percent, and\n(bb) during calendar year 2027, 90 percent,\n(III) in the case of any inverter described in subparagraphs (B) through (G) of section 45X(c)(2) which is sold\u2014\n(aa) during calendar year 2026, 50 percent,\n(bb) during calendar year 2027, 55 percent,\n(cc) during calendar year 2028, 60 percent,\n(dd) during calendar year 2029, 65 percent, and\n(ee) after\nDecember 31, 2029\n(IV) in the case of any qualifying battery component (as such term is defined in section 45X(c)(5)(A)) which is sold\u2014\n(aa) during calendar year 2026, 60 percent,\n(bb) during calendar year 2027, 65 percent,\n(cc) during calendar year 2028, 70 percent,\n(dd) during calendar year 2029, 80 percent, and\n(ee) after\nDecember 31, 2029\n(V) subject to clause (ii), in the case of any applicable critical mineral (as such term is defined in section 45X(c)(6)) which is sold\u2014\n(aa) after\nDecember 31, 2025\nJanuary 1, 2030\n(bb) during calendar year 2030, 25 percent,\n(cc) during calendar year 2031, 30 percent,\n(dd) during calendar year 2032, 40 percent, and\n(ee) after\nDecember 31, 2032\n(ii)\nAdjusted threshold percentage for applicable critical minerals\nNot later than\n(I) apply in lieu of the threshold percentage determined under clause (i)(V) for each calendar year, and\n(II) equal or exceed the threshold percentage which would otherwise apply with respect to such applicable critical mineral under such clause for such calendar year, taking into account\u2014\n(aa) domestic geographic availability,\n(bb) supply chain constraints,\n(cc) domestic processing capacity needs, and\n(dd) national security concerns.\n(D)\nMaterial assistance cost ratio\n(i)\nQualified facilities and energy storage technology\nFor purposes of subparagraph (A)(i), the term \u201cmaterial assistance cost ratio\u201d means the amount (expressed as a percentage) equal to the quotient of\u2014\n(I) an amount equal to\u2014\n(aa) the total direct costs to the taxpayer attributable to all manufactured products (including components) which are incorporated into the qualified facility or energy storage technology upon completion of construction, minus\n(bb) the total direct costs to the taxpayer attributable to all manufactured products (including components) which are\u2014\n(AA) incorporated into the qualified facility or energy storage technology upon completion of construction, and\n(BB) mined, produced, or manufactured by a prohibited foreign entity, divided by\n(II) the amount described in subclause (I)(aa).\n(ii)\nEligible components\nFor purposes of subparagraph (A)(ii), the term \u201cmaterial assistance cost ratio\u201d means the amount (expressed as a percentage) equal to the quotient of\u2014\n(I) an amount equal to\u2014\n(aa) with respect to an eligible component, the total direct material costs that are paid or incurred (within the meaning of section 461 and any regulations issued under section 263A) by the taxpayer for production of such eligible component, minus\n(bb) with respect to an eligible component, the total direct material costs that are paid or incurred (within the meaning of section 461 and any regulations issued under section 263A) by the taxpayer for production of such eligible component that are mined, produced, or manufactured by a prohibited foreign entity, divided by\n(II) the amount described in subclause (I)(aa).\n(iii)\nSafe harbor tables\n(I)\nIn general\nNot later than\n(aa) identify the percentage of total direct costs of any manufactured product which is attributable to a prohibited foreign entity,\n(bb) identify the percentage of total direct material costs of any eligible component which is attributable to a prohibited foreign entity, and\n(cc) provide all rules necessary to determine the amount of a taxpayer\u2019s material assistance from a prohibited foreign entity within the meaning of this paragraph.\n(II)\nSafe harbors prior to issuance\nFor purposes of this paragraph, prior to the date on which the Secretary issues the safe harbor tables described in subclause (I), and for construction of a qualified facility or energy storage technology which begins on or before the date which is 60 days after the date of issuance of such tables, a taxpayer may\u2014\n(aa) use the tables included in Internal Revenue Service Notice 2025\u201308 to establish the percentage of the total direct costs of any listed eligible component and any manufactured product, and\n(bb) rely on a certification by the supplier of the manufactured product, eligible component, or constituent element, material, or subcomponent of an eligible component\u2014\n(AA) of the total direct costs or the total direct material costs, as applicable, of such product or component that was not produced or manufactured by a prohibited foreign entity, or\n(BB) that such product or component was not produced or manufactured by a prohibited foreign entity.\n(III)\nException\nNotwithstanding subclauses (I) and (II)\u2014\n(aa) if the taxpayer knows (or has reason to know) that a manufactured product or eligible component was produced or manufactured by a prohibited foreign entity, the taxpayer shall treat all direct costs with respect to such manufactured product, or all direct material costs with respect to such eligible component, as attributable to a prohibited foreign entity, and\n(bb) if the taxpayer knows (or has reason to know) that the certification referred to in subclause (II)(bb) pertaining to a manufactured product or eligible component is inaccurate, the taxpayer may not rely on such certification.\n(IV)\nCertification requirement\nIn a manner consistent with Treasury Regulation section 1.45X\u20134(c)(4)(i) (as in effect on the date of enactment of this paragraph), the certification referred to in subclause (II)(bb) shall\u2014\n(aa) include\u2014\n(AA) the supplier\u2019s employer identification number, or\n(BB) any such similar identification number issued by a foreign government,\n(bb) be signed under penalties of perjury,\n(cc) be retained by the supplier and the taxpayer for a period of not less than 6 years and shall be provided to the Secretary upon request, and\n(dd) be from the supplier from which the taxpayer purchased any manufactured product, eligible component, or constituent elements, materials, or subcomponents of an eligible component, stating\u2014\n(AA) that such property was not produced or manufactured by a prohibited foreign entity and that the supplier does not know (or have reason to know) that any prior supplier in the chain of production of that property is a prohibited foreign entity,\n(BB) for purposes of section 45X, the total direct material costs for each component, constituent element, material, or subcomponent that were not produced or manufactured by a prohibited foreign entity, or\n(CC) for purposes of section 45Y or section 48E, the total direct costs attributable to all manufactured products that were not produced or manufactured by a prohibited foreign entity.\n(iv)\nExisting contract\nUpon the election of the taxpayer (in such form and manner as the Secretary shall designate), in the case of any manufactured product, eligible component, or constituent element, material, or subcomponent of an eligible component which is\u2014\n(I) acquired by the taxpayer, or manufactured or assembled by or for the taxpayer, pursuant to a binding written contract which was entered into prior to\nJune 16, 2025\n(II)\n(aa) placed into service before\nJanuary 1, 2030\nJanuary 1, 2028\nAugust 1, 2025\n(bb) in the case of a constituent element, material, or subcomponent, used in a product sold before\nJanuary 1, 2030\nthe cost to the taxpayer with respect to such product, component, element, material, or subcomponent shall not be included for purposes of determining the material assistance cost ratio under this subparagraph.\n(v)\nAnti-circumvention rules\nThe Secretary shall prescribe such regulations and guidance as may be necessary or appropriate to prevent circumvention of the rules under this subparagraph, including prevention of\u2014\n(I) any abuse of the exception provided under clause (iv) through the stockpiling of any manufactured product, eligible component, or constituent element, material, or subcomponent of an eligible component during any period prior to the application of the requirements under this paragraph, or\n(II) any evasion with respect to the requirements of this subparagraph where the facts and circumstances demonstrate that the beginning of construction of a qualified facility or energy storage technology has not in fact occurred.\n(E)\nOther definitions\nFor purposes of this paragraph\u2014\n(i)\nEligible component\nThe term \u201celigible component\u201d means\u2014\n(I) any property described in section 45X(c)(1), or\n(II) any component which is identified by the Secretary pursuant to regulations or guidance issued under subparagraph (G).\n(ii)\nEnergy storage technology\nThe term \u201cenergy storage technology\u201d has the same meaning given such term under section 48E(c)(2).\n(iii)\nManufactured product\nThe term \u201cmanufactured product\u201d means\u2014\n(I) a manufactured product which is a component of a qualified facility, as described in section 45Y(g)(11)(B) and any guidance issued thereunder, or\n(II) any product which is identified by the Secretary pursuant to regulations or guidance issued under subparagraph (G).\n(iv)\nQualified facility\nThe term \u201cqualified facility\u201d means\u2014\n(I) a qualified facility, as defined in section 45Y(b)(1),\n(II) a qualified facility, as defined in section 48E(b)(3), and\n(III) any qualified interconnection property (as defined in section 48E(b)(4)) which is part of the qualified investment with respect to a qualified facility (as described in section 48E(b)(1)).\n(F)\nDetermination of ownership; beginning of construction\nRules similar to the rules under subparagraphs (H) and (J) of paragraph (51) shall apply for purposes of this paragraph.\n(G)\nRegulations and guidance\nThe Secretary may prescribe such regulations and guidance as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the provisions of this paragraph, including\u2014\n(i) identification of components or products for purposes of clauses (i) and (iii) of subparagraph (E), and\n(ii) for purposes of subparagraph (A)(ii), rules to address facilities which produce more than one eligible component.\n(b)\nDefinition of resident alien and nonresident alien\n(1)\nIn general\nFor purposes of this title (other than subtitle B)\u2014\n(A)\nResident alien\nAn alien individual shall be treated as a resident of the United States with respect to any calendar year if (and only if) such individual meets the requirements of clause (i), (ii), or (iii):\n(i)\nLawfully admitted for permanent residence\nSuch individual is a lawful permanent resident of the United States at any time during such calendar year.\n(ii)\nSubstantial presence test\nSuch individual meets the substantial presence test of paragraph (3).\n(iii)\nFirst year election\nSuch individual makes the election provided in paragraph (4).\n(B)\nNonresident alien\nAn individual is a nonresident alien if such individual is neither a citizen of the United States nor a resident of the United States (within the meaning of subparagraph (A)).\n(2)\nSpecial rules for first and last year of residency\n(A)\nFirst year of residency\n(i)\nIn general\nIf an alien individual is a resident of the United States under paragraph (1)(A) with respect to any calendar year, but was not a resident of the United States at any time during the preceding calendar year, such alien individual shall be treated as a resident of the United States only for the portion of such calendar year which begins on the residency starting date.\n(ii)\nResidency starting date for individuals lawfully admitted for permanent residence\nIn the case of an individual who is a lawfully permanent resident of the United States at any time during the calendar year, but does not meet the substantial presence test of paragraph (3), the residency starting date shall be the first day in such calendar year on which he was present in the United States while a lawful permanent resident of the United States.\n(iii)\nResidency starting date for individuals meeting substantial presence test\nIn the case of an individual who meets the substantial presence test of paragraph (3) with respect to any calendar year, the residency starting date shall be the first day during such calendar year on which the individual is present in the United States.\n(iv)\nResidency starting date for individuals making first year election\nIn the case of an individual who makes the election provided by paragraph (4) with respect to any calendar year, the residency starting date shall be the 1st day during such calendar year on which the individual is treated as a resident of the United States under that paragraph.\n(B)\nLast year of residency\nAn alien individual shall not be treated as a resident of the United States during a portion of any calendar year if\u2014\n(i) such portion is after the last day in such calendar year on which the individual was present in the United States (or, in the case of an individual described in paragraph (1)(A)(i), the last day on which he was so described),\n(ii) during such portion the individual has a closer connection to a foreign country than to the United States, and\n(iii) the individual is not a resident of the United States at any time during the next calendar year.\n(C)\nCertain nominal presence disregarded\n(i)\nIn general\nFor purposes of subparagraphs (A)(iii) and (B), an individual shall not be treated as present in the United States during any period for which the individual establishes that he has a closer connection to a foreign country than to the United States.\n(ii)\nNot more than 10 days disregarded\nClause (i) shall not apply to more than 10 days on which the individual is present in the United States.\n(3)\nSubstantial presence test\n(A)\nIn general\nExcept as otherwise provided in this paragraph, an individual meets the substantial presence test of this paragraph with respect to any calendar year (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as the \u201ccurrent year\u201d) if\u2014\n(i) such individual was present in the United States on at least 31 days during the calendar year, and\n(ii) the sum of the number of days on which such individual was present in the United States during the current year and the 2 preceding calendar years (when multiplied by the applicable multiplier determined under the following table) equals or exceeds 183 days:\nIn the case of days in:\nThe applicable multiplier is:\nCurrent year\n1\n1st preceding year\n\u2153\n2nd preceding year\n\u2159\n(B)\nException where individual is present in the United States during less than one-half of current year and closer connection to foreign country is established\nAn individual shall not be treated as meeting the substantial presence test of this paragraph with respect to any current year if\u2014\n(i) such individual is present in the United States on fewer than 183 days during the current year, and\n(ii) it is established that for the current year such individual has a tax home (as defined in section 911(d)(3) without regard to the second sentence thereof) in a foreign country and has a closer connection to such foreign country than to the United States.\n(C)\nSubparagraph (B) not to apply in certain cases\nSubparagraph (B) shall not apply to any individual with respect to any current year if at any time during such year\u2014\n(i) such individual had an application for adjustment of status pending, or\n(ii) such individual took other steps to apply for status as a lawful permanent resident of the United States.\n(D)\nException for exempt individuals or for certain medical conditions\nAn individual shall not be treated as being present in the United States on any day if\u2014\n(i) such individual is an exempt individual for such day, or\n(ii) such individual was unable to leave the United States on such day because of a medical condition which arose while such individual was present in the United States.\n(4)\nFirst-year election\n(A) An alien individual shall be deemed to meet the requirements of this subparagraph if such individual\u2014\n(i) is not a resident of the United States under clause (i) or (ii) of paragraph (1)(A) with respect to a calendar year (hereinafter referred to as the \u201celection year\u201d),\n(ii) was not a resident of the United States under paragraph (1)(A) with respect to the calendar year immediately preceding the election year,\n(iii) is a resident of the United States under clause (ii) of paragraph (1)(A) with respect to the calendar year immediately following the election year, and\n(iv) is both\u2014\n(I) present in the United States for a period of at least 31 consecutive days in the election year, and\n(II) present in the United States during the period beginning with the first day of such 31-day period and ending with the last day of the election year (hereinafter referred to as the \u201ctesting period\u201d) for a number of days equal to or exceeding 75 percent of the number of days in the testing period (provided that an individual shall be treated for purposes of this subclause as present in the United States for a number of days during the testing period not exceeding 5 days in the aggregate, notwithstanding his absence from the United States on such days).\n(B) An alien individual who meets the requirements of subparagraph (A) shall, if he so elects, be treated as a resident of the United States with respect to the election year.\n(C) An alien individual who makes the election provided by subparagraph (B) shall be treated as a resident of the United States for the portion of the election year which begins on the 1st day of the earliest testing period during such year with respect to which the individual meets the requirements of clause (iv) of subparagraph (A).\n(D) The rules of subparagraph (D)(i) of paragraph (3) shall apply for purposes of determining an individual\u2019s presence in the United States under this paragraph.\n(E) An election under subparagraph (B) shall be made on the individual\u2019s tax return for the election year, provided that such election may not be made before the individual has met the substantial presence test of paragraph (3) with respect to the calendar year immediately following the election year.\n(F) An election once made under subparagraph (B) remains in effect for the election year, unless revoked with the consent of the Secretary.\n(5)\nExempt individual defined\nFor purposes of this subsection\u2014\n(A)\nIn general\nAn individual is an exempt individual for any day if, for such day, such individual is\u2014\n(i) a foreign government-related individual,\n(ii) a teacher or trainee,\n(iii) a student, or\n(iv) a professional athlete who is temporarily in the United States to compete in a sports event\u2014\n(I) which is organized for the primary purpose of benefiting an organization which is described in section 501(c)(3) and exempt from tax under section 501(a),\n(II) all of the net proceeds of which are contributed to such organization, and,\n2\n2 So in original. The comma probably should not appear.\n(III) which utilizes volunteers for substantially all of the work performed in carrying out such event.\n(B)\nForeign government-related individual\nThe term \u201cforeign government-related individual\u201d means any individual temporarily present in the United States by reason of\u2014\n(i) diplomatic status, or a visa which the Secretary (after consultation with the Secretary of State) determines represents full-time diplomatic or consular status for purposes of this subsection,\n(ii) being a full-time employee of an international organization, or\n(iii) being a member of the immediate family of an individual described in clause (i) or (ii).\n(C)\nTeacher or trainee\nThe term \u201cteacher or trainee\u201d means any individual\u2014\n(i) who is temporarily present in the United States under subparagraph (J) or (Q) of section 101(15) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (other than as a student), and\n(ii) who substantially complies with the requirements for being so present.\n(D)\nStudent\nThe term \u201cstudent\u201d means any individual\u2014\n(i) who is temporarily present in the United States\u2014\n(I) under subparagraph (F) or (M) of section 101(15) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, or\n(II) as a student under subparagraph (J) or (Q) of such section 101(15), and\n(ii) who substantially complies with the requirements for being so present.\n(E)\nSpecial rules for teachers, trainees, and students\n(i)\nLimitation on teachers and trainees\nAn individual shall not be treated as an exempt individual by reason of clause (ii) of subparagraph (A) for the current year if, for any 2 calendar years during the preceding 6 calendar years, such person was an exempt person under clause (ii) or (iii) of subparagraph (A). In the case of an individual all of whose compensation is described in section 872(b)(3), the preceding sentence shall be applied by substituting \u201c4 calendar years\u201d for \u201c2 calendar years\u201d.\n(ii)\nLimitation on students\nFor any calendar year after the 5th calendar year for which an individual was an exempt individual under clause (ii) or (iii) of subparagraph (A), such individual shall not be treated as an exempt individual by reason of clause (iii) of subparagraph (A), unless such individual establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary that such individual does not intend to permanently reside in the United States and that such individual meets the requirements of subparagraph (D)(ii).\n(6)\nLawful permanent resident\nFor purposes of this subsection, an individual is a lawful permanent resident of the United States at any time if\u2014\n(A) such individual has the status of having been lawfully accorded the privilege of residing permanently in the United States as an immigrant in accordance with the immigration laws, and\n(B) such status has not been revoked (and has not been administratively or judicially determined to have been abandoned).\nAn individual shall cease to be treated as a lawful permanent resident of the United States if such individual commences to be treated as a resident of a foreign country under the provisions of a tax treaty between the United States and the foreign country, does not waive the benefits of such treaty applicable to residents of the foreign country, and notifies the Secretary of the commencement of such treatment.\n(7)\nPresence in the United States\nFor purposes of this subsection\u2014\n(A)\nIn general\nExcept as provided in subparagraph (B), (C), or (D), an individual shall be treated as present in the United States on any day if such individual is physically present in the United States at any time during such day.\n(B)\nCommuters from Canada or Mexico\nIf an individual regularly commutes to employment (or self-employment) in the United States from a place of residence in Canada or Mexico, such individual shall not be treated as present in the United States on any day during which he so commutes.\n(C)\nTransit between 2 foreign points\nIf an individual, who is in transit between 2 points outside the United States, is physically present in the United States for less than 24 hours, such individual shall not be treated as present in the United States on any day during such transit.\n(D)\nCrew members temporarily present\nAn individual who is temporarily present in the United States on any day as a regular member of the crew of a foreign vessel engaged in transportation between the United States and a foreign country or a possession of the United States shall not be treated as present in the United States on such day unless such individual otherwise engages in any trade or business in the United States on such day.\n(8)\nAnnual statements\nThe Secretary may prescribe regulations under which an individual who (but for subparagraph (B) or (D) of paragraph (3)) would meet the substantial presence test of paragraph (3) is required to submit an annual statement setting forth the basis on which such individual claims the benefits of subparagraph (B) or (D) of paragraph (3), as the case may be.\n(9)\nTaxable year\n(A)\nIn general\nFor purposes of this title, an alien individual who has not established a taxable year for any prior period shall be treated as having a taxable year which is the calendar year.\n(B)\nFiscal year taxpayer\nIf\u2014\n(i) an individual is treated under paragraph (1) as a resident of the United States for any calendar year, and\n(ii) after the application of subparagraph (A), such individual has a taxable year other than a calendar year,\nhe shall be treated as a resident of the United States with respect to any portion of a taxable year which is within such calendar year.\n(10)\nCoordination with section 877\nIf\u2014\n(A) an alien individual was treated as a resident of the United States during any period which includes at least 3 consecutive calendar years (hereinafter referred to as the \u201cinitial residency period\u201d), and\n(B) such individual ceases to be treated as a resident of the United States but subsequently becomes a resident of the United States before the close of the 3rd calendar year beginning after the close of the initial residency period,\nsuch individual shall be taxable for the period after the close of the initial residency period and before the day on which he subsequently became a resident of the United States in the manner provided in section 877(b). The preceding sentence shall apply only if the tax imposed pursuant to section 877(b) exceeds the tax which, without regard to this paragraph, is imposed pursuant to section 871.\n(11)\nRegulations\nThe Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection.\n(c)\nIncludes and including\nThe terms \u201cincludes\u201d and \u201cincluding\u201d when used in a definition contained in this title shall not be deemed to exclude other things otherwise within the meaning of the term defined.\n(d)\nCommonwealth of Puerto Rico\nWhere not otherwise distinctly expressed or manifestly incompatible with the intent thereof, references in this title to possessions of the United States shall be treated as also referring to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.\n(e)\nTreatment of certain contracts for providing services, etc.\nFor purposes of chapter 1\u2014\n(1)\nIn general\nA contract which purports to be a service contract shall be treated as a lease of property if such contract is properly treated as a lease of property, taking into account all relevant factors including whether or not\u2014\n(A) the service recipient is in physical possession of the property,\n(B) the service recipient controls the property,\n(C) the service recipient has a significant economic or possessory interest in the property,\n(D) the service provider does not bear any risk of substantially diminished receipts or substantially increased expenditures if there is nonperformance under the contract,\n(E) the service provider does not use the property concurrently to provide significant services to entities unrelated to the service recipient, and\n(F) the total contract price does not substantially exceed the rental value of the property for the contract period.\n(2)\nOther arrangements\nAn arrangement (including a partnership or other pass-thru entity) which is not described in paragraph (1) shall be treated as a lease if such arrangement is properly treated as a lease, taking into account all relevant factors including factors similar to those set forth in paragraph (1).\n(3)\nSpecial rules for contracts or arrangements involving solid waste disposal, energy, and clean water facilities\n(A)\nIn general\nNotwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), and except as provided in paragraph (4), any contract or arrangement between a service provider and a service recipient\u2014\n(i) with respect to\u2014\n(I) the operation of a qualified solid waste disposal facility,\n(II) the sale to the service recipient of electrical or thermal energy produced at a cogeneration or alternative energy facility,\n(III) the operation of a water treatment works facility, or\n(IV) the operation of a storage facility, and\n(ii) which purports to be a service contract,\nshall be treated as a service contract.\n(B)\nQualified solid waste disposal facility\nFor purposes of subparagraph (A), the term \u201cqualified solid waste disposal facility\u201d means any facility if such facility provides solid waste disposal services for residents of part or all of 1 or more governmental units and substantially all of the solid waste processed at such facility is collected from the general public.\n(C)\nCogeneration facility\nFor purposes of subparagraph (A), the term \u201ccogeneration facility\u201d means a facility which uses the same energy source for the sequential generation of electrical or mechanical power in combination with steam, heat, or other forms of useful energy.\n(D)\nAlternative energy facility\nFor purposes of subparagraph (A), the term \u201calternative energy facility\u201d means a facility for producing electrical or thermal energy if the primary energy source for the facility is not oil, natural gas, coal, or nuclear power.\n(E)\nWater treatment works facility\nFor purposes of subparagraph (A), the term \u201cwater treatment works facility\u201d means any treatment works within the meaning of section 212(2) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.\n(F)\nStorage facility\nFor purposes of subparagraph (A), the term \u201cstorage facility\u201d means a facility which uses energy storage technology within the meaning of section 48(c)(6).\n(4)\nParagraph (3) not to apply in certain cases\n(A)\nIn general\nParagraph (3) shall not apply to any qualified solid waste disposal facility, cogeneration facility, alternative energy facility, water treatment works facility, or storage facility used under a contract or arrangement if\u2014\n(i) the service recipient (or a related entity) operates such facility,\n(ii) the service recipient (or a related entity) bears any significant financial burden if there is nonperformance under the contract or arrangement (other than for reasons beyond the control of the service provider),\n(iii) the service recipient (or a related entity) receives any significant financial benefit if the operating costs of such facility are less than the standards of performance or operation under the contract or arrangement, or\n(iv) the service recipient (or a related entity) has an option to purchase, or may be required to purchase, all or a part of such facility at a fixed and determinable price (other than for fair market value).\nFor purposes of this paragraph, the term \u201crelated entity\u201d has the same meaning as when used in section 168(h).\n(B)\nSpecial rules for application of subparagraph (A) with respect to certain rights and allocations under the contract\nFor purposes of subparagraph (A), there shall not be taken into account\u2014\n(i) any right of a service recipient to inspect any facility, to exercise any sovereign power the service recipient may possess, or to act in the event of a breach of contract by the service provider, or\n(ii) any allocation of any financial burden or benefits in the event of any change in any law.\n(C)\nSpecial rules for application of subparagraph (A) in the case of certain events\n(i)\nTemporary shut-downs, etc.\nFor purposes of clause (ii) of subparagraph (A), there shall not be taken into account any temporary shut-down of the facility for repairs, maintenance, or capital improvements, or any financial burden caused by the bankruptcy or similar financial difficulty of the service provider.\n(ii)\nReduced costs\nFor purposes of clause (iii) of subparagraph (A), there shall not be taken into account any significant financial benefit merely because payments by the service recipient under the contract or arrangement are decreased by reason of increased production or efficiency or the recovery of energy or other products.\n(5)\nException for certain low-income housing\nThis subsection shall not apply to any property described in clause (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of section 1250(a)(1)(B) (relating to low-income housing) if\u2014\n(A) such property is operated by or for an organization described in paragraph (3) or (4) of section 501(c), and\n(B) at least 80 percent of the units in such property are leased to low-income tenants (within the meaning of section 167(k)(3)(B)) (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990).\n(6)\nRegulations\nThe Secretary may prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the provisions of this subsection.\n(f)\nUse of related persons or pass-thru entities\nThe Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to prevent the avoidance of those provisions of this title which deal with\u2014\n(1) the linking of borrowing to investment, or\n(2) diminishing risks,\nthrough the use of related persons, pass-thru entities, or other intermediaries.\n(g)\nClarification of fair market value in the case of nonrecourse indebtedness\nFor purposes of subtitle A, in determining the amount of gain or loss (or deemed gain or loss) with respect to any property, the fair market value of such property shall be treated as being not less than the amount of any nonrecourse indebtedness to which such property is subject.\n(h)\nMotor vehicle operating leases\n(1)\nIn general\nFor purposes of this title, in the case of a qualified motor vehicle operating agreement which contains a terminal rental adjustment clause\u2014\n(A) such agreement shall be treated as a lease if (but for such terminal rental adjustment clause) such agreement would be treated as a lease under this title, and\n(B) the lessee shall not be treated as the owner of the property subject to an agreement during any period such agreement is in effect.\n(2)\nQualified motor vehicle operating agreement defined\nFor purposes of this subsection\u2014\n(A)\nIn general\nThe term \u201cqualified motor vehicle operating agreement\u201d means any agreement with respect to a motor vehicle (including a trailer) which meets the requirements of subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D) of this paragraph.\n(B)\nMinimum liability of lessor\nAn agreement meets the requirements of this subparagraph if under such agreement the sum of\u2014\n(i) the amount the lessor is personally liable to repay, and\n(ii) the net fair market value of the lessor\u2019s interest in any property pledged as security for property subject to the agreement,\nequals or exceeds all amounts borrowed to finance the acquisition of property subject to the agreement. There shall not be taken into account under clause (ii) any property pledged which is property subject to the agreement or property directly or indirectly financed by indebtedness secured by property subject to the agreement.\n(C)\nCertification by lessee; notice of tax ownership\nAn agreement meets the requirements of this subparagraph if such agreement contains a separate written statement separately signed by the lessee\u2014\n(i) under which the lessee certifies, under penalty of perjury, that it intends that more than 50 percent of the use of the property subject to such agreement is to be in a trade or business of the lessee, and\n(ii) which clearly and legibly states that the lessee has been advised that it will not be treated as the owner of the property subject to the agreement for Federal income tax purposes.\n(D)\nLessor must have no knowledge that certification is false\nAn agreement meets the requirements of this subparagraph if the lessor does not know that the certification described in subparagraph (C)(i) is false.\n(3)\nTerminal rental adjustment clause defined\n(A)\nIn general\nFor purposes of this subsection, the term \u201cterminal rental adjustment clause\u201d means a provision of an agreement which permits or requires the rental price to be adjusted upward or downward by reference to the amount realized by the lessor under the agreement upon sale or other disposition of such property.\n(B)\nSpecial rule for lessee dealers\nThe term \u201cterminal rental adjustment clause\u201d also includes a provision of an agreement which requires a lessee who is a dealer in motor vehicles to purchase the motor vehicle for a predetermined price and then resell such vehicle where such provision achieves substantially the same results as a provision described in subparagraph (A).\n(i)\nTaxable mortgage pools\n(1)\nTreated as separate corporations\nA taxable mortgage pool shall be treated as a separate corporation which may not be treated as an includible corporation with any other corporation for purposes of section 1501.\n(2)\nTaxable mortgage pool defined\nFor purposes of this title\u2014\n(A)\nIn general\nExcept as otherwise provided in this paragraph, a taxable mortgage pool is any entity (other than a REMIC) if\u2014\n(i) substantially all of the assets of such entity consists of debt obligations (or interests therein) and more than 50 percent of such debt obligations (or interests) consists of real estate mortgages (or interests therein),\n(ii) such entity is the obligor under debt obligations with 2 or more maturities, and\n(iii) under the terms of the debt obligations referred to in clause (ii) (or underlying arrangement), payments on such debt obligations bear a relationship to payments on the debt obligations (or interests) referred to in clause (i).\n(B)\nPortion of entities treated as pools\nAny portion of an entity which meets the definition of subparagraph (A) shall be treated as a taxable mortgage pool.\n(C)\nException for domestic building and loan\nNothing in this subsection shall be construed to treat any domestic building and loan association (or portion thereof) as a taxable mortgage pool.\n(D)\nTreatment of certain equity interests\nTo the extent provided in regulations, equity interest of varying classes which correspond to maturity classes of debt shall be treated as debt for purposes of this subsection.\n(3)\nTreatment of certain REIT\u2019s\nIf\u2014\n(A) a real estate investment trust is a taxable mortgage pool, or\n(B) a qualified REIT subsidiary (as defined in section 856(i)(2)) of a real estate investment trust is a taxable mortgage pool,\nunder regulations prescribed by the Secretary, adjustments similar to the adjustments provided in section 860E(d) shall apply to the shareholders of such real estate investment trust.\n(j)\nTax treatment of Federal Thrift Savings Fund\n(1)\nIn general\nFor purposes of this title\u2014\n(A) the Thrift Savings Fund shall be treated as a trust described in section 401(a) which is exempt from taxation under section 501(a);\n(B) any contribution to, or distribution from, the Thrift Savings Fund shall be treated in the same manner as contributions to or distributions from such a trust; and\n(C) subject to section 401(k)(4)(B) and any dollar limitation on the application of section 402(e)(3), contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund shall not be treated as distributed or made available to an employee or Member nor as a contribution made to the Fund by an employee or Member merely because the employee or Member has, under the provisions of subchapter III of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, and section 8351 of such title 5, an election whether the contribution will be made to the Thrift Savings Fund or received by the employee or Member in cash.\n(2)\nNondiscrimination requirements\nNotwithstanding any other provision of law, the Thrift Savings Fund is not subject to the nondiscrimination requirements applicable to arrangements described in section 401(k) or to matching contributions (as described in section 401(m)), so long as it meets the requirements of this section.\n(3)\nCoordination with Social Security Act\nParagraph (1) shall not be construed to provide that any amount of the employee\u2019s or Member\u2019s basic pay which is contributed to the Thrift Savings Fund shall not be included in the term \u201cwages\u201d for the purposes of section 209 of the Social Security Act or\nsection 3121(a) of this title\n(4)\nDefinitions\nFor purposes of this subsection, the terms \u201cMember\u201d, \u201cemployee\u201d, and \u201cThrift Savings Fund\u201d shall have the same respective meanings as when used in subchapter III of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code.\n(5)\nCoordination with other provisions of law\nNo provision of law not contained in this title shall apply for purposes of determining the treatment under this title of the Thrift Savings Fund or any contribution to, or distribution from, such Fund.\n(k)\nTreatment of certain amounts paid to charity\nIn the case of any payment which, except for\n(1) such payment shall not be treated as received by such officer or employee for all purposes of this title and for all purposes of any tax law of a State or political subdivision thereof, and\n(2) no deduction shall be allowed under any provision of this title (or of any tax law of a State or political subdivision thereof) to such officer or employee by reason of having such payment made to such organization.\nFor purposes of this subsection, a Senator, a Representative in, or a Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress shall be treated as an officer or employee of the Federal Government.\n(l)\nRegulations relating to conduit arrangements\nThe Secretary may prescribe regulations recharacterizing any multiple-party financing transaction as a transaction directly among any 2 or more of such parties where the Secretary determines that such recharacterization is appropriate to prevent avoidance of any tax imposed by this title.\n(m)\nDesignation of contract markets\nAny designation by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission of a contract market which could not have been made under the law in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 shall apply for purposes of this title except to the extent provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary.\n(n)\nConvention or association of churches\nFor purposes of this title, any organization which is otherwise a convention or association of churches shall not fail to so qualify merely because the membership of such organization includes individuals as well as churches or because individuals have voting rights in such organization.\n(o)\nClarification of economic substance doctrine\n(1)\nApplication of doctrine\nIn the case of any transaction to which the economic substance doctrine is relevant, such transaction shall be treated as having economic substance only if\u2014\n(A) the transaction changes in a meaningful way (apart from Federal income tax effects) the taxpayer\u2019s economic position, and\n(B) the taxpayer has a substantial purpose (apart from Federal income tax effects) for entering into such transaction.\n(2)\nSpecial rule where taxpayer relies on profit potential\n(A)\nIn general\nThe potential for profit of a transaction shall be taken into account in determining whether the requirements of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1) are met with respect to the transaction only if the present value of the reasonably expected pre-tax profit from the transaction is substantial in relation to the present value of the expected net tax benefits that would be allowed if the transaction were respected.\n(B)\nTreatment of fees and foreign taxes\nFees and other transaction expenses shall be taken into account as expenses in determining pre-tax profit under subparagraph (A). The Secretary shall issue regulations requiring foreign taxes to be treated as expenses in determining pre-tax profit in appropriate cases.\n(3)\nState and local tax benefits\nFor purposes of paragraph (1), any State or local income tax effect which is related to a Federal income tax effect shall be treated in the same manner as a Federal income tax effect.\n(4)\nFinancial accounting benefits\nFor purposes of paragraph (1)(B), achieving a financial accounting benefit shall not be taken into account as a purpose for entering into a transaction if the origin of such financial accounting benefit is a reduction of Federal income tax.\n(5)\nDefinitions and special rules\nFor purposes of this subsection\u2014\n(A)\nEconomic substance doctrine\nThe term \u201ceconomic substance doctrine\u201d means the common law doctrine under which tax benefits under subtitle A with respect to a transaction are not allowable if the transaction does not have economic substance or lacks a business purpose.\n(B)\nException for personal transactions of individuals\nIn the case of an individual, paragraph (1) shall apply only to transactions entered into in connection with a trade or business or an activity engaged in for the production of income.\n(C)\nDetermination of application of doctrine not affected\nThe determination of whether the economic substance doctrine is relevant to a transaction shall be made in the same manner as if this subsection had never been enacted.\n(D)\nTransaction\nThe term \u201ctransaction\u201d includes a series of transactions.\n(p)\nCross references\n(1)\nOther definitions\nFor other definitions, see the following sections of Title 1 of the United States Code:\n(1) Singular as including plural, section 1.\n(2) Plural as including singular, section 1.\n(3) Masculine as including feminine, section 1.\n(4) Officer, section 1.\n(5) Oath as including affirmation, section 1.\n(6) County as including parish, section 2.\n(7) Vessel as including all means of water transportation, section 3.\n(8) Vehicle as including all means of land transportation, section 4.\n(9) Company or association as including successors and assigns, section 5.\n(2)\nEffect of cross references\nFor effect of cross references in this title, see section 7806(a).","url":"https://projectusc.org/usc/t26/s7701.html","content":[{"t":"sec","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701","children":[{"t":"num","text":"\u00a7\u202f7701."},{"t":"heading","text":"Definitions"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(a)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" When used in this title, where not otherwise distinctly expressed or manifestly incompatible with the intent thereof\u2014"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/1","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(1)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Person"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cperson\u201d shall be construed to mean an+d include an individual, a trust, estate, partnership, association, company or corporation.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/2","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(2)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Partnership and partner"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cpartnership\u201d includes a syndicate, group, pool, joint venture, or other unincorporated organization, through or by means of which any business, financial operation, or venture is carried on, and which is not, within the meaning of this title, a trust or estate or a corporation; and the term \u201cpartner\u201d includes a member in such a syndicate, group, pool, joint venture, or organization.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/3","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(3)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Corporation"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201ccorporation\u201d includes associations, joint-stock companies, and insurance companies.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/4","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(4)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Domestic"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cdomestic\u201d when applied to a corporation or partnership means created or organized in the United States or under the law of the United States or of any State unless, in the case of a partnership, the Secretary provides otherwise by regulations.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/5","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(5)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Foreign"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cforeign\u201d when applied to a corporation or partnership means a corporation or partnership which is not domestic.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/6","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(6)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Fiduciary"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cfiduciary\u201d means a guardian, trustee, executor, administrator, receiver, conservator, or any person acting in any fiduciary capacity for any person.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/7","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(7)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Stock"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cstock\u201d includes shares in an association, joint-stock company, or insurance company.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/8","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(8)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Shareholder"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cshareholder\u201d includes a member in an association, joint-stock company, or insurance company.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/9","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(9)"},{"t":"heading","text":"United States"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cUnited States\u201d when used in a geographical sense includes only the States and the District of Columbia.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/10","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(10)"},{"t":"heading","text":"State"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cState\u201d shall be construed to include the District of Columbia, where such construction is necessary to carry out provisions of this title.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/11","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(11)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/11/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Secretary of the Treasury"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cSecretary of the Treasury\u201d means the Secretary of the Treasury, personally, and shall not include any delegate of his.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/11/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Secretary"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cSecretary\u201d means the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/12","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(12)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Delegate"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/12/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201cor his delegate\u201d\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/12/A/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" when used with reference to the Secretary of the Treasury, means any officer, employee, or agency of the Treasury Department duly authorized by the Secretary of the Treasury directly, or indirectly by one or more redelegations of authority, to perform the function mentioned or described in the context; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/12/A/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" when used with reference to any other official of the United States, shall be similarly construed.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/12/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Performance of certain functions in Guam or American Samoa"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cdelegate,\u201d in relation to the performance of functions in Guam or American Samoa with respect to the taxes imposed by chapters 1, 2, and 21, also includes any officer or employee of any other department or agency of the United States, or of any possession thereof, duly authorized by the Secretary (directly, or indirectly by one or more redelegations of authority) to perform such functions.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/13","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(13)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Commissioner"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cCommissioner\u201d means the Commissioner of Internal Revenue.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/14","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(14)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Taxpayer"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201ctaxpayer\u201d means any person subject to any internal revenue tax.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/15","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(15)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Military or naval forces and armed forces of the United States"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cmilitary or naval forces of the United States\u201d and the term \u201cArmed Forces of the United States\u201d each includes all regular and reserve components of the uniformed services which are subject to the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, or the Secretary of the Air Force, and each term also includes the Coast Guard. The members of such forces include commissioned officers and personnel below the grade of commissioned officers in such forces.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/16","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(16)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Withholding agent"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cwithholding agent\u201d means any person required to deduct and withhold any tax under the provisions of section 1441, 1442, 1443, or 1461.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/17","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(17)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Husband and wife"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"As used in section 2516, if the husband and wife therein referred to are divorced, wherever appropriate to the meaning of such section, the term \u201cwife\u201d shall be read \u201cformer wife\u201d and the term \u201chusband\u201d shall be read \u201cformer husband\u201d; and, if the payments described in such section are made by or on behalf of the wife or former wife to the husband or former husband instead of vice versa, wherever appropriate to the meaning of such section, the term \u201chusband\u201d shall be read \u201cwife\u201d and the term \u201cwife\u201d shall be read \u201chusband.\u201d","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/18","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(18)"},{"t":"heading","text":"International organization"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cinternational organization\u201d means a public international organization entitled to enjoy privileges, exemptions, and immunities as an international organization under the International Organizations Immunities Act (","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"22 U.S.C. 288\u2013288f","href":"/us/usc/t22/s288\u2013288f","tail":")."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/19","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(19)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Domestic building and loan association"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201cdomestic building and loan association\u201d means a domestic building and loan association, a domestic savings and loan association, and a Federal savings and loan association\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/19/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" which is subject by law to supervision and examination by State or Federal authority having supervision over such associations;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/19/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" the business of which consists principally of acquiring the savings of the public and investing in loans; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/19/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" at least 60 percent of the amount of the total assets of which (at the close of the taxable year) consists of\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/19/C/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" cash,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/19/C/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" obligations of the United States or of a State or political subdivision thereof, and stock or obligations of a corporation which is an instrumentality of the United States or of a State or political subdivision thereof, but not including obligations the interest on which is excludable from gross income under section 103,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/19/C/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"content","text":" certificates of deposit in, or obligations of, a corporation organized under a State law which specifically authorizes such corporation to insure the deposits or share accounts of member associations,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/19/C/iv","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iv)"},{"t":"content","text":" loans secured by a deposit or share of a member,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/19/C/v","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(v)"},{"t":"content","text":" loans (including redeemable ground rents, as defined in section 1055) secured by an interest in real property which is (or, from the proceeds of the loan, will become) residential real property or real property used primarily for church purposes, loans made for the improvement of residential real property or real property used primarily for church purposes, provided that for purposes of this clause, residential real property shall include single or multifamily dwellings, facilities in residential developments dedicated to public use or property used on a nonprofit basis for residents, and mobile homes not used on a transient basis,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/19/C/vi","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(vi)"},{"t":"content","text":" loans secured by an interest in real property located within an urban renewal area to be developed for predominantly residential use under an urban renewal plan approved by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under part A or part B of title I of the Housing Act of 1949, as amended, or located within any area covered by a program eligible for assistance under section 103 of the Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966, as amended, and loans made for the improvement of any such real property,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/19/C/vii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(vii)"},{"t":"content","text":" loans secured by an interest in educational, health, or welfare institutions or facilities, including structures designed or used primarily for residential purposes for students, residents, and persons under care, employees, or members of the staff of such institutions or facilities,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/19/C/viii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(viii)"},{"t":"content","text":" property acquired through the liquidation of defaulted loans described in clause (v), (vi), or (vii),","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/19/C/ix","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ix)"},{"t":"content","text":" loans made for the payment of expenses of college or university education or vocational training, in accordance with such regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/19/C/x","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(x)"},{"t":"content","text":" property used by the association in the conduct of the business described in subparagraph (B), and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/19/C/xi","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(xi)"},{"t":"content","text":" any regular or residual interest in a REMIC, but only in the proportion which the assets of such REMIC consist of property described in any of the preceding clauses of this subparagraph; except that if 95 percent or more of the assets of such REMIC are assets described in clauses (i) through (x), the entire interest in the REMIC shall qualify.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"At the election of the taxpayer, the percentage specified in this subparagraph shall be applied on the basis of the average assets outstanding during the taxable year, in lieu of the close of the taxable year, computed under regulations prescribed by the Secretary. For purposes of clause (v), if a multifamily structure securing a loan is used in part for nonresidential purposes, the entire loan is deemed a residential real property loan if the planned residential use exceeds 80 percent of the property\u2019s planned use (determined as of the time the loan is made). For purposes of clause (v), loans made to finance the acquisition or development of land shall be deemed to be loans secured by an interest in residential real property if, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, there is reasonable assurance that the property will become residential real property within a period of 3 years from the date of acquisition of such land; but this sentence shall not apply for any taxable year unless, within such 3-year period, such land becomes residential real property. For purposes of determining whether any interest in a REMIC qualifies under clause (xi), any regular interest in another REMIC held by such REMIC shall be treated as a loan described in a preceding clause under principles similar to the principles of clause (xi); except that, if such REMIC\u2019s are part of a tiered structure, they shall be treated as 1 REMIC for purposes of clause (xi).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/20","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(20)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Employee"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For the purpose of applying the provisions of section 79 with respect to group-term life insurance purchased for employees, for the purpose of applying the provisions of sections 104, 105, and 106 with respect to accident and health insurance or accident and health plans, and for the purpose of applying the provisions of subtitle A with respect to contributions to or under a stock bonus, pension, profit-sharing, or annuity plan, and with respect to distributions under such a plan, or by a trust forming part of such a plan, and for purposes of applying section 125 with respect to cafeteria plans, the term \u201cemployee\u201d shall include a full-time life insurance salesman who is considered an employee for the purpose of chapter 21.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/21","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(21)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Levy"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201clevy\u201d includes the power of distraint and seizure by any means.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/22","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(22)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Attorney General"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cAttorney General\u201d means the Attorney General of the United States.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/23","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(23)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Taxable year"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201ctaxable year\u201d means the calendar year, or the fiscal year ending during such calendar year, upon the basis of which the taxable income is computed under subtitle A. \u201cTaxable year\u201d means, in the case of a return made for a fractional part of a year under the provisions of subtitle A or under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, the period for which such return is made.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/24","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(24)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Fiscal year"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cfiscal year\u201d means an accounting period of 12 months ending on the last day of any month other than December.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/25","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(25)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Paid or incurred, paid or accrued"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The terms \u201cpaid or incurred\u201d and \u201cpaid or accrued\u201d shall be construed according to the method of accounting upon the basis of which the taxable income is computed under subtitle A.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/26","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(26)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Trade or business"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201ctrade or business\u201d includes the performance of the functions of a public office.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/27","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(27)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Tax Court"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cTax Court\u201d means the United States Tax Court.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/28","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(28)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Other terms"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Any term used in this subtitle with respect to the application of, or in connection with, the provisions of any other subtitle of this title shall have the same meaning as in such provisions.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/29","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(29)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Internal Revenue Code"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cInternal Revenue Code of 1986\u201d means this title, and the term \u201cInternal Revenue Code of 1939\u201d means the Internal Revenue Code enacted ","children":[{"t":"text","text":"February 10, 1939","tail":", as amended."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/30","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(30)"},{"t":"heading","text":"United States person"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201cUnited States person\u201d means\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/30/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" a citizen or resident of the United States,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/30/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" a domestic partnership,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/30/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"content","text":" a domestic corporation,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/30/D","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(D)"},{"t":"content","text":" any estate (other than a foreign estate, within the meaning of paragraph (31)), and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/30/E","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(E)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" any trust if\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/30/E/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/30/E/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/31","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(31)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Foreign estate or trust"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/31/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Foreign estate"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cforeign estate\u201d means an estate the income of which, from sources without the United States which is not effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States, is not includible in gross income under subtitle A.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/31/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Foreign trust"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cforeign trust\u201d means any trust other than a trust described in subparagraph (E) of paragraph (30).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/32","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(32)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Cooperative bank"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201ccooperative bank\u201d means an institution without capital stock organized and operated for mutual purposes and without profit, which\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/32/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" is subject by law to supervision and examination by State or Federal authority having supervision over such institutions, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/32/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" meets the requirements of subparagraphs (B) and (C) of paragraph (19) of this subsection (relating to definition of domestic building and loan association).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"In determining whether an institution meets the requirements referred to in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, any reference to an association or to a domestic building and loan association contained in paragraph (19) shall be deemed to be a reference to such institution.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/33","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(33)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Regulated public utility"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201cregulated public utility\u201d means\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/33/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" A corporation engaged in the furnishing or sale of\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/33/A/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" electric energy, gas, water, or sewerage disposal services, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/33/A/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" transportation (not included in subparagraph (C)) on an intrastate, suburban, municipal, or interurban electric railroad, on an intrastate, municipal, or suburban trackless trolley system, or on a municipal or suburban bus system, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/33/A/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"content","text":" transportation (not included in clause (ii)) by motor vehicle\u2014","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"if the rates for such furnishing or sale, as the case may be, have been established or approved by a State or political subdivision thereof, by an agency or instrumentality of the United States, by a public service or public utility commission or other similar body of the District of Columbia or of any State or political subdivision thereof, or by a foreign country or an agency or instrumentality or political subdivision thereof.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/33/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" A corporation engaged as a common carrier in the furnishing or sale of transportation of gas by pipe line, if subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/33/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"content","text":" A corporation engaged as a common carrier (i) in the furnishing or sale of transportation by railroad, if subject to the jurisdiction of the Surface Transportation Board, or (ii) in the furnishing or sale of transportation of oil or other petroleum products (including shale oil) by pipe line, if subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission or if the rates for such furnishing or sale are subject to the jurisdiction of a public service or public utility commission or other similar body of the District of Columbia or of any State.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/33/D","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(D)"},{"t":"content","text":" A corporation engaged in the furnishing or sale of telephone or telegraph service, if the rates for such furnishing or sale meet the requirements of subparagraph (A).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/33/E","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(E)"},{"t":"content","text":" A corporation engaged in the furnishing or sale of transportation as a common carrier by air, subject to the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Transportation.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/33/F","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(F)"},{"t":"content","text":" A corporation engaged in the furnishing or sale of transportation by a water carrier subject to jurisdiction under subchapter II of chapter 135 of title 49.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/33/G","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(G)"},{"t":"content","text":" A rail carrier subject to part A of subtitle IV of title 49, if (i) substantially all of its railroad properties have been leased to another such railroad corporation or corporations by an agreement or agreements entered into before ","children":[{"t":"text","text":"January 1, 1954","tail":", (ii) each lease is for a term of more than 20 years, and (iii) at least 80 percent or more of its gross income (computed without regard to dividends and capital gains and losses) for the taxable year is derived from such leases and from sources described in subparagraphs (A) through (F), inclusive. For purposes of the preceding sentence, an agreement for lease of railroad properties entered into before "},{"t":"text","text":"January 1, 1954","tail":", shall be considered to be a lease including such term as the total number of years of such agreement may, unless sooner terminated, be renewed or continued under the terms of the agreement, and any such renewal or continuance under such agreement shall be considered part of the lease entered into before "},{"t":"text","text":"January 1, 1954","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/33/H","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(H)"},{"t":"content","text":" A common parent corporation which is a common carrier by railroad subject to part A of subtitle IV of title 49 if at least 80 percent of its gross income (computed without regard to capital gains or losses) is derived directly or indirectly from sources described in subparagraphs (A) through (F), inclusive. For purposes of the preceding sentence, dividends and interest, and income from leases described in subparagraph (G), received from a regulated public utility shall be considered as derived from sources described in subparagraphs (A) through (F), inclusive, if the regulated public utility is a member of an affiliated group (as defined in section 1504) which includes the common parent corporation.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"The term \u201cregulated public utility\u201d does not (except as provided in subparagraphs (G) and (H)) include a corporation described in subparagraphs (A) through (F), inclusive, unless 80 percent or more of its gross income (computed without regard to dividends and capital gains and losses) for the taxable year is derived from sources described in subparagraphs (A) through (F), inclusive. If the taxpayer establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary that (i) its revenue from regulated rates described in subparagraph (A) or (D) and its revenue derived from unregulated rates are derived from the operation of a single interconnected and coordinated system or from the operation of more than one such system, and (ii) the unregulated rates have been and are substantially as favorable to users and consumers as are the regulated rates, then such revenue from such unregulated rates shall be considered, for purposes of the preceding sentence, as income derived from sources described in subparagraph (A) or (D).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/34","children":[{"t":"num","text":"[(34)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Repealed. Pub. L. 98\u2013369, div. A, title IV, \u00a7\u202f4112(b)(11), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 792]"},{"t":"content","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/35","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(35)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Enrolled actuary"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cenrolled actuary\u201d means a person who is enrolled by the Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries established under subtitle C of the title III of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/36","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(36)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Tax return preparer"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/36/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201ctax return preparer\u201d means any person who prepares for compensation, or who employs one or more persons to prepare for compensation, any return of tax imposed by this title or any claim for refund of tax imposed by this title. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the preparation of a substantial portion of a return or claim for refund shall be treated as if it were the preparation of such return or claim for refund.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/36/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Exceptions"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"A person shall not be a \u201ctax return preparer\u201d merely because such person\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/36/B/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" furnishes typing, reproducing, or other mechanical assistance,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/36/B/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" prepares a return or claim for refund of the employer (or of an officer or employee of the employer) by whom he is regularly and continuously employed,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/36/B/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"content","text":" prepares as a fiduciary a return or claim for refund for any person, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/36/B/iv","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iv)"},{"t":"content","text":" prepares a claim for refund for a taxpayer in response to any notice of deficiency issued to such taxpayer or in response to any waiver of restriction after the commencement of an audit of such taxpayer or another taxpayer if a determination in such audit of such other taxpayer directly or indirectly affects the tax liability of such taxpayer.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/37","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(37)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Individual retirement plan"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201cindividual retirement plan\u201d means\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/37/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" an individual retirement account described in section 408(a), and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/37/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" an individual retirement annuity described in section 408(b).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/38","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(38)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Joint return"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cjoint return\u201d means a single return made jointly under section 6013 by a husband and wife.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/39","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(39)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Persons residing outside United States"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"If any citizen or resident of the United States does not reside in (and is not found in) any United States judicial district, such citizen or resident shall be treated as residing in the District of Columbia for purposes of any provision of this title relating to\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/39/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" jurisdiction of courts, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/39/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" enforcement of summons.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/40","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(40)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Indian tribal government"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/40/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cIndian tribal government\u201d means the governing body of any tribe, band, community, village, or group of Indians, or (if applicable) Alaska Natives, which is determined by the Secretary, after consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, to exercise governmental functions.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/40/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Special rule for Alaska Natives"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"No determination under subparagraph (A) with respect to Alaska Natives shall grant or defer any status or powers other than those enumerated in section 7871. Nothing in the Indian Tribal Governmental Tax Status Act of 1982, or in the amendments made thereby, shall validate or invalidate any claim by Alaska Natives of sovereign authority over lands or people.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/41","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(41)"},{"t":"heading","text":"TIN"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cTIN\u201d means the identifying number assigned to a person under section 6109.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/42","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(42)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Substituted basis property"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201csubstituted basis property\u201d means property which is\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/42/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" transferred basis property, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/42/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" exchanged basis property.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/43","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(43)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Transferred basis property"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201ctransferred basis property\u201d means property having a basis determined under any provision of subtitle A (or under any corresponding provision of prior income tax law) providing that the basis shall be determined in whole or in part by reference to the basis in the hands of the donor, grantor, or other transferor.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/44","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(44)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Exchanged basis property"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cexchanged basis property\u201d means property having a basis determined under any provision of subtitle A (or under any corresponding provision of prior income tax law) providing that the basis shall be determined in whole or in part by reference to other property held at any time by the person for whom the basis is to be determined.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/45","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(45)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Nonrecognition transaction"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cnonrecognition transaction\u201d means any disposition of property in a transaction in which gain or loss is not recognized in whole or in part for purposes of subtitle A.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/46","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(46)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Determination of whether there is a collective bargaining agreement"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"In determining whether there is a collective bargaining agreement between employee representatives and 1 or more employers, the term \u201cemployee representatives\u201d shall not include any organization more than one-half of the members of which are employees who are owners, officers, or executives of the employer. An agreement shall not be treated as a collective bargaining agreement unless it is a bona fide agreement between bona fide employee representatives and 1 or more employers.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/47","children":[{"t":"num","text":"[(47)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Repealed. Pub. L. 111\u2013312, title III, \u00a7\u202f301(a), Dec. 17, 2010, 124 Stat. 3300]"},{"t":"content","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/48","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(48)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Off-highway vehicles"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/48/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Off-highway transportation vehicles"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/48/A/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"A vehicle shall not be treated as a highway vehicle if such vehicle is specially designed for the primary function of transporting a particular type of load other than over the public highway and because of this special design such vehicle\u2019s capability to transport a load over the public highway is substantially limited or impaired.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/48/A/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Determination of vehicle\u2019s design"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of clause (i), a vehicle\u2019s design is determined solely on the basis of its physical characteristics.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/48/A/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Determination of substantial limitation or impairment"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of clause (i), in determining whether substantial limitation or impairment exists, account may be taken of factors such as the size of the vehicle, whether such vehicle is subject to the licensing, safety, and other requirements applicable to highway vehicles, and whether such vehicle can transport a load at a sustained speed of at least 25 miles per hour. It is immaterial that a vehicle can transport a greater load off the public highway than such vehicle is permitted to transport over the public highway.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/48/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Nontransportation trailers and semitrailers"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"A trailer or semitrailer shall not be treated as a highway vehicle if it is specially designed to function only as an enclosed stationary shelter for the carrying on of an off-highway function at an off-highway site.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/49","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(49)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Qualified blood collector organization"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201cqualified blood collector organization\u201d means an organization which is\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/49/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" described in section 501(c)(3) and exempt from tax under section 501(a),","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/49/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" primarily engaged in the activity of the collection of human blood,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/49/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"content","text":" registered with the Secretary for purposes of excise tax exemptions, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/49/D","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(D)"},{"t":"content","text":" registered by the Food and Drug Administration to collect blood.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/50","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(50)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Termination of United States citizenship"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/50/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"An individual shall not cease to be treated as a United States citizen before the date on which the individual\u2019s citizenship is treated as relinquished under section 877A(g)(4).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/50/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Dual citizens"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, subparagraph (A) shall not apply to an individual who became at birth a citizen of the United States and a citizen of another country.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(51)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Prohibited foreign entity"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/A/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Definition"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cprohibited foreign entity\u201d means a specified foreign entity or a foreign-influenced entity.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/A/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Determination"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/A/ii/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Subject to subclause (II), for any taxable year, the determination as to whether an entity is a specified foreign entity or foreign-influenced entity shall be made as of the last day of such taxable year.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/A/ii/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Initial taxable year"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of the first taxable year beginning after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the determination as to whether an entity is a specified foreign entity described in clauses (i) through (iv) of subparagraph (B) shall be made as of the first day of such taxable year.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Specified foreign entity"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of this paragraph, the term \u201cspecified foreign entity\u201d means\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/B/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" a foreign entity of concern described in subparagraph (A), (B), (D), or (E) of section 9901(8) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"Public Law 116\u2013283","href":"/us/pl/116/283","tail":"; "},{"t":"ref","text":"15 U.S.C. 4651","href":"/us/usc/t15/s4651","tail":"),"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/B/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" an entity identified as a Chinese military company operating in the United States in accordance with section 1260H of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"Public Law 116\u2013283","href":"/us/pl/116/283","tail":"; "},{"t":"ref","text":"10 U.S.C. 113","href":"/us/usc/t10/s113","tail":" note),"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/B/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"content","text":" an entity included on a list required by clause (i), (ii), (iv), or (v) of ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 2(d)(2)(B) of Public Law 117\u201378","href":"/us/pl/117/78/s2/d/2/B","tail":" ("},{"t":"ref","text":"135 Stat. 1527","href":"/us/stat/135/1527","tail":"),"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/B/iv","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iv)"},{"t":"content","text":" an entity specified under section 154(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"Public Law 118\u201331","href":"/us/pl/118/31","tail":"; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 4651), or"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/B/v","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(v)"},{"t":"content","text":" a foreign-controlled entity.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Foreign-controlled entity"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of subparagraph (B), the term \u201cforeign-controlled entity\u201d means\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/C/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" the government (including any level of government below the national level) of a covered nation,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/C/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" an agency or instrumentality of a government described in clause (i),","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/C/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"content","text":" a person who is a citizen or national of a covered nation, provided that such person is not an individual who is a citizen, national, or lawful permanent resident of the United States,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/C/iv","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iv)"},{"t":"content","text":" an entity or a qualified business unit (as defined in section 989(a)) incorporated or organized under the laws of, or having its principal place of business in, a covered nation, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/C/v","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(v)"},{"t":"content","text":" an entity (including subsidiary entities) controlled (as determined under subparagraph (G)) by an entity described in clause (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/D","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(D)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Foreign-influenced entity"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/D/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term \u201cforeign-influenced entity\u201d means an entity\u2014"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/D/i/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" with respect to which, during the taxable year\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"content","text":" a specified foreign entity has the direct authority to appoint a covered officer of such entity,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"content","text":" a single specified foreign entity owns at least 25 percent of such entity,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(cc)"},{"t":"content","text":" one or more specified foreign entities own in the aggregate at least 40 percent of such entity, or"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(dd)"},{"t":"content","text":" at least 15 percent of the debt of such entity has been issued, in the aggregate, to 1 or more specified foreign entities, or"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/D/i/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" which, during the previous taxable year, made a payment to a specified foreign entity pursuant to a contract, agreement, or other arrangement which entitles such specified foreign entity (or an entity related to such specified foreign entity) to exercise effective control over\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"content","text":" any qualified facility or energy storage technology of the taxpayer (or any person related to the taxpayer), or"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" with respect to any eligible component produced by the taxpayer (or any person related to the taxpayer)\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(AA)"},{"t":"content","text":" the extraction, processing, or recycling of any applicable critical mineral, or"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(BB)"},{"t":"content","text":" the production of an eligible component which is not an applicable critical mineral."},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/D/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Effective control"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/D/ii/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"heading","text":"General rule"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Subject to subclause (II), for purposes of clause (i)(II), the term \u201ceffective control\u201d means 1 or more agreements or arrangements similar to those described in subclauses (II) and (III) which provide 1 or more contractual counterparties of a taxpayer with specific authority over key aspects of the production of eligible components, energy generation in a qualified facility, or energy storage which are not included in the measures of control through authority, ownership, or debt held which are described in clause (i)(I).","tail":"\n"}]},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Guidance"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The Secretary shall issue such guidance as is necessary to carry out the purposes of this clause, including the establishment of rules to prevent entities from evading, circumventing, or abusing the application of the restrictions described subparagraph (C) and subclauses (II) and (III) of this clause through a contract, agreement, or other arrangement.","tail":"\n"}]},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/D/ii/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Application of rules prior to issuance of guidance"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"During any period prior to the date that the guidance described in subclause (I)(bb) is issued by the Secretary, for purposes of clause (i)(II), the term \u201ceffective control\u201d means the unrestricted contractual right of a contractual counterparty to\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"content","text":" determine the quantity or timing of production of an eligible component produced by the taxpayer,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"content","text":" determine the amount or timing of activities related to the production of electricity undertaken at a qualified facility of the taxpayer or the storage of electrical energy in energy storage technology of the taxpayer,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(cc)"},{"t":"content","text":" determine which entity may purchase or use the output of a production unit of the taxpayer that produces eligible components,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(dd)"},{"t":"content","text":" determine which entity may purchase or use the output of a qualified facility of the taxpayer,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(ee)"},{"t":"content","text":" restrict access to data critical to production or storage of energy undertaken at a qualified facility of the taxpayer, or to the site of production or any part of a qualified facility or energy storage technology of the taxpayer, to the personnel or agents of such contractual counterparty, or"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(ff)"},{"t":"content","text":" on an exclusive basis, maintain, repair, or operate any plant or equipment which is necessary to the production by the taxpayer of eligible components or electricity."},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/D/ii/III","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(III)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Licensing and other agreements"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"In addition to subclause (II), for purposes of clause (i)(II), the term \u201ceffective control\u201d means, with respect to a licensing agreement for the provision of intellectual property (or any other contract, agreement or other arrangement entered into with a contractual counterparty related to such licensing agreement) with respect to a qualified facility, energy storage technology, or the production of an eligible component, any of the following:"},{"t":"num","text":"(AA)"},{"t":"content","text":" A contractual right retained by the contractual counterparty to specify or otherwise direct 1 or more sources of components, subcomponents, or applicable critical minerals utilized in a qualified facility, energy storage technology, or in the production of an eligible component."},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(BB)"},{"t":"content","text":" A contractual right retained by the contractual counterparty to direct the operation of any qualified facility, any energy storage technology, or any production unit that produces an eligible component."},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(CC)"},{"t":"content","text":" A contractual right retained by the contractual counterparty to limit the taxpayer\u2019s utilization of intellectual property related to the operation of a qualified facility or energy storage technology, or in the production of an eligible component."},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(DD)"},{"t":"content","text":" A contractual right retained by the contractual counterparty to receive royalties under the licensing agreement or any similar agreement (or payments under any related agreement) beyond the 10th year of the agreement (including modifications or extensions thereof)."},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(EE)"},{"t":"content","text":" A contractual right retained by the contractual counterparty to direct or otherwise require the taxpayer to enter into an agreement for the provision of services for a duration longer than 2 years (including any modifications or extensions thereof)."},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(FF)"},{"t":"content","text":" Such contract, agreement, or other arrangement does not provide the licensee with all the technical data, information, and know-how necessary to enable the licensee to produce the eligible component or components subject to the contract, agreement, or other arrangement without further involvement from the contractual counterparty or a specified foreign entity."},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(GG)"},{"t":"content","text":" Such contract, agreement, or other arrangement was entered into (or modified) on or after the date of enactment of this paragraph."},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Exception"},{"t":"num","text":"(AA)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Item (aa) shall not apply in the case of a bona fide purchase or sale of intellectual property.","tail":"\n"}]},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(BB)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Bona fide purchase or sale"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of item (aa), any purchase or sale of intellectual property where the agreement provides that ownership of the intellectual property reverts to the contractual counterparty after a period of time shall not be considered a bona-fide purchase or sale.","tail":"\n"}]},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/D/ii/IV","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(IV)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Persons related to the taxpayer"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of subclauses (I), (II), and (III), the term \u201ctaxpayer\u201d shall include any person related to the taxpayer.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/D/ii/V","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(V)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Contractual counterparty"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of this clause, the term \u201ccontractual counterparty\u201d means an entity with which the taxpayer has entered into a contract, agreement, or other arrangement.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/D/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Guidance"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Not later than ","children":[{"t":"text","text":"December 31, 2026","tail":", the Secretary shall issue such guidance as is necessary to carry out the purposes of this subparagraph, including establishment of rules to prevent entities from evading, circumventing, or abusing the application of the restrictions against impermissible technology licensing arrangements with specified foreign entities, such as through temporary transfers of intellectual property, retention by a specified foreign entity of a reversionary interest in transferred intellectual property, or otherwise."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/E","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(E)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Publicly traded entities"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/E/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/E/i/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Nonapplication of certain foreign-controlled entity rules"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"Subparagraph (C)(v) shall not apply in the case of any entity the securities of which are regularly traded on\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"content","text":" a national securities exchange which is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"content","text":" the national market system established pursuant to section 11A of the Securities and\u202f","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"1"},{"t":"num","text":"1","tail":"\u202fSo in original. The word \u201cand\u201d probably should not appear."},{"t":"text","text":"\u202fSo in original. The word \u201cand\u201d probably should not appear.","tail":" Exchange Act of 1934, or"}]},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(cc)"},{"t":"content","text":" any other exchange or other market which the Secretary has determined in guidance issued under section 1296(e)(1)(A)(ii) has rules adequate to carry out the purposes of part VI of subchapter P of chapter 1 of subtitle A."},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/E/i/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Nonapplication of certain foreign-influenced entity rules"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"Subparagraph (D)(i)(I) shall not apply in the case of any entity\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"content","text":" the securities of which are regularly traded in a manner described in subclause (I), or"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"content","text":" for which not less than 80 percent of the equity securities of such entity are owned directly or indirectly by an entity which is described in item (aa)."},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/E/i/III","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(III)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Exclusion of exchanges or markets in covered nations"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"Subclause (I)(cc) shall not apply with respect to any exchange or market which\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"content","text":" is incorporated or organized under the laws of a covered nation, or"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"content","text":" has its principal place of business in a covered nation."},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/E/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Additional foreign-controlled entity requirements for publicly traded companies"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"In the case of an entity described in clause (i)(I), such entity shall be deemed to be a foreign-controlled entity under subparagraph (C)(v) if such entity is controlled (as determined under subparagraph (G)) by\u2014"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/E/ii/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"content","text":" 1 or more specified foreign entities (as determined without regard to subparagraph (B)(v)) that are each required to report their beneficial ownership pursuant to a rule described in clause (iii)(I)(bb), or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/E/ii/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"content","text":" 1 or more foreign-controlled entities (as determined without regard to subparagraph (C)(v)) that are each required to report their beneficial ownership pursuant to a rule described in such clause.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/E/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Additional foreign-influenced entity requirements for publicly traded companies"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"In the case of an entity described in clause (i)(II), such entity shall be deemed to be a foreign-influenced entity under subparagraph (D)(i)(I) if\u2014"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/E/iii/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" during the taxable year\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"content","text":" a specified foreign entity has the authority to appoint a covered officer of such entity,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"content","text":" a single specified foreign entity required to report its beneficial ownership under Rule 13d-3 of the Securities and\u202f","children":[{"t":"text","text":"1","tail":" Exchange Act of 1934 (or, in the case of an exchange or market described in clause (i)(I)(cc), an equivalent rule) owns not less than 25 percent of such entity, or"}]},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(cc)"},{"t":"content","text":" 1 or more specified foreign entities that are each required to report their beneficial ownership under Rule 13d-3 of the Securities and\u202f","children":[{"t":"text","text":"1","tail":" Exchange Act of 1934 own, in the aggregate, not less than 40 percent of such entity, or"}]},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/E/iii/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"content","text":" such entity has issued debt, as part of an original issuance, in excess of 15 percent of its publicly-traded debt to 1 or more specified foreign entities.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/F","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(F)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Covered officer"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of this paragraph, the term \u201ccovered officer\u201d means, with respect to an entity\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/F/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" a member of the board of directors, board of supervisors, or equivalent governing body,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/F/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" an executive-level officer, including the president, chief executive officer, chief operating officer, chief financial officer, general counsel, or senior vice president, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/F/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"content","text":" an individual having powers or responsibilities similar to those of officers or members described in clause (i) or (ii).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/G","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(G)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Determination of control"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of subparagraph (C)(v), the term \u201ccontrol\u201d means\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/G/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" in the case of a corporation, ownership (by vote or value) of more than 50 percent of the stock in such corporation,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/G/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" in the case of a partnership, ownership of more than 50 percent of the profits interests or capital interests in such partnership, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/G/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"content","text":" in any other case, ownership of more than 50 percent of the beneficial interests in the entity.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/H","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(H)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Determination of ownership"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of this paragraph, section 318(a)(2) shall apply for purposes of determining ownership of stock in a corporation. Similar principles shall apply for purposes of determining ownership of interests in any other entity.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Other definitions"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of this paragraph\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/I/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Applicable critical mineral"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201capplicable critical mineral\u201d has the same meaning given such term under section 45X(c)(6).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/I/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Covered nation"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201ccovered nation\u201d has the same meaning given such term under ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 4872(f)(2) of title 10","href":"/us/usc/t10/s4872/f/2","tail":", United States Code."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/I/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Eligible component"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201celigible component\u201d has the same meaning given such term under section 45X(c)(1).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/I/iv","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iv)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Energy storage technology"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cenergy storage technology\u201d has the same meaning given such term under section 48E(c)(2).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/I/v","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(v)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Qualified facility"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201cqualified facility\u201d means\u2014"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/I/v/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"content","text":" a qualified facility, as defined in section 45Y(b)(1), and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/I/v/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"content","text":" a qualified facility, as defined in section 48E(b)(3).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/I/vi","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(vi)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Related"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201crelated\u201d shall have the same meaning given such term under sections 267(b) and 707(b).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/J","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(J)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Beginning of construction"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of applying any provision under this paragraph, the beginning of construction with respect to any property shall be determined pursuant to rules similar to the rules under Internal Revenue Service Notice 2013\u201329 and Internal Revenue Service Notice 2018-59 (as well as any subsequently issued guidance clarifying, modifying, or updating either such Notice), as in effect on ","children":[{"t":"text","text":"January 1, 2025","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/51/K","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(K)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Regulations and guidance"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The Secretary may prescribe such regulations and guidance as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the provisions of this paragraph, including rules to prevent the circumvention of any rules or restrictions with respect to prohibited foreign entities.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(52)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Material assistance from a prohibited foreign entity"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201cmaterial assistance from a prohibited foreign entity\u201d means\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/A/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" with respect to any qualified facility or energy storage technology, a material assistance cost ratio which is less than the threshold percentage applicable under subparagraph (B), or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/A/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" with respect to any facility which produces eligible components, a material assistance cost ratio which is less than the threshold percentage applicable under subparagraph (C).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Threshold percentage for qualified facilities and energy storage technology"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of subparagraph (A)(i), the threshold percentage shall be\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/B/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" in the case of a qualified facility the construction of which begins\u2014"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/B/i/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2026, 40 percent,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/B/i/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2027, 45 percent,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/B/i/III","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(III)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2028, 50 percent,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/B/i/IV","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(IV)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2029, 55 percent, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/B/i/V","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(V)"},{"t":"content","text":" after ","children":[{"t":"text","text":"December 31, 2029","tail":", 60 percent, and"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/B/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" in the case of energy storage technology the construction of which begins\u2014"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/B/ii/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2026, 55 percent,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/B/ii/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2027, 60 percent,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/B/ii/III","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(III)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2028, 65 percent,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/B/ii/IV","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(IV)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2029, 70 percent, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/B/ii/V","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(V)"},{"t":"content","text":" after ","children":[{"t":"text","text":"December 31, 2029","tail":", 75 percent."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Threshold percentage for eligible components"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/C/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of subparagraph (A)(ii), the threshold percentage shall be\u2014"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/C/i/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" in the case of any solar energy component (as such term is defined in section 45X(c)(3)(A)) which is sold\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2026, 50 percent,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2027, 60 percent,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(cc)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2028, 70 percent,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(dd)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2029, 80 percent, and"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(ee)"},{"t":"content","text":" after ","children":[{"t":"text","text":"December 31, 2029","tail":", 85 percent,"}]},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/C/i/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" in the case of any wind energy component (as such term is defined in section 45X(c)(4)(A)) which is sold\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2026, 85 percent, and"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2027, 90 percent,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/C/i/III","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(III)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" in the case of any inverter described in subparagraphs (B) through (G) of section 45X(c)(2) which is sold\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2026, 50 percent,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2027, 55 percent,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(cc)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2028, 60 percent,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(dd)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2029, 65 percent, and"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(ee)"},{"t":"content","text":" after ","children":[{"t":"text","text":"December 31, 2029","tail":", 70 percent,"}]},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/C/i/IV","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(IV)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" in the case of any qualifying battery component (as such term is defined in section 45X(c)(5)(A)) which is sold\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2026, 60 percent,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2027, 65 percent,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(cc)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2028, 70 percent,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(dd)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2029, 80 percent, and"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(ee)"},{"t":"content","text":" after ","children":[{"t":"text","text":"December 31, 2029","tail":", 85 percent, and"}]},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/C/i/V","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(V)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" subject to clause (ii), in the case of any applicable critical mineral (as such term is defined in section 45X(c)(6)) which is sold\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"content","text":" after ","children":[{"t":"text","text":"December 31, 2025","tail":", and before "},{"t":"text","text":"January 1, 2030","tail":", 0 percent,"}]},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2030, 25 percent,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(cc)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2031, 30 percent,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(dd)"},{"t":"content","text":" during calendar year 2032, 40 percent, and"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(ee)"},{"t":"content","text":" after ","children":[{"t":"text","text":"December 31, 2032","tail":", 50 percent."}]},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/C/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Adjusted threshold percentage for applicable critical minerals"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"Not later than ","children":[{"t":"text","text":"December 31, 2027","tail":", the Secretary shall issue threshold percentages for each of the applicable critical minerals described in section 45X(c)(6)), which shall\u2014"}]},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/C/ii/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"content","text":" apply in lieu of the threshold percentage determined under clause (i)(V) for each calendar year, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/C/ii/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" equal or exceed the threshold percentage which would otherwise apply with respect to such applicable critical mineral under such clause for such calendar year, taking into account\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"content","text":" domestic geographic availability,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"content","text":" supply chain constraints,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(cc)"},{"t":"content","text":" domestic processing capacity needs, and"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(dd)"},{"t":"content","text":" national security concerns."},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/D","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(D)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Material assistance cost ratio"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/D/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Qualified facilities and energy storage technology"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of subparagraph (A)(i), the term \u201cmaterial assistance cost ratio\u201d means the amount (expressed as a percentage) equal to the quotient of\u2014"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/D/i/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" an amount equal to\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"content","text":" the total direct costs to the taxpayer attributable to all manufactured products (including components) which are incorporated into the qualified facility or energy storage technology upon completion of construction, minus"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" the total direct costs to the taxpayer attributable to all manufactured products (including components) which are\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(AA)"},{"t":"content","text":" incorporated into the qualified facility or energy storage technology upon completion of construction, and"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(BB)"},{"t":"content","text":" mined, produced, or manufactured by a prohibited foreign entity, divided by"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/D/i/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"content","text":" the amount described in subclause (I)(aa).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/D/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Eligible components"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of subparagraph (A)(ii), the term \u201cmaterial assistance cost ratio\u201d means the amount (expressed as a percentage) equal to the quotient of\u2014"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/D/ii/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" an amount equal to\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"content","text":" with respect to an eligible component, the total direct material costs that are paid or incurred (within the meaning of section 461 and any regulations issued under section 263A) by the taxpayer for production of such eligible component, minus"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"content","text":" with respect to an eligible component, the total direct material costs that are paid or incurred (within the meaning of section 461 and any regulations issued under section 263A) by the taxpayer for production of such eligible component that are mined, produced, or manufactured by a prohibited foreign entity, divided by"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/D/ii/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"content","text":" the amount described in subclause (I)(aa).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/D/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Safe harbor tables"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/D/iii/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"Not later than ","children":[{"t":"text","text":"December 31, 2026","tail":", the Secretary shall issue safe harbor tables (and such other guidance as deemed necessary) to\u2014"}]},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"content","text":" identify the percentage of total direct costs of any manufactured product which is attributable to a prohibited foreign entity,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"content","text":" identify the percentage of total direct material costs of any eligible component which is attributable to a prohibited foreign entity, and"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(cc)"},{"t":"content","text":" provide all rules necessary to determine the amount of a taxpayer\u2019s material assistance from a prohibited foreign entity within the meaning of this paragraph."},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/D/iii/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Safe harbors prior to issuance"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of this paragraph, prior to the date on which the Secretary issues the safe harbor tables described in subclause (I), and for construction of a qualified facility or energy storage technology which begins on or before the date which is 60 days after the date of issuance of such tables, a taxpayer may\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"content","text":" use the tables included in Internal Revenue Service Notice 2025\u201308 to establish the percentage of the total direct costs of any listed eligible component and any manufactured product, and"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" rely on a certification by the supplier of the manufactured product, eligible component, or constituent element, material, or subcomponent of an eligible component\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(AA)"},{"t":"content","text":" of the total direct costs or the total direct material costs, as applicable, of such product or component that was not produced or manufactured by a prohibited foreign entity, or"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(BB)"},{"t":"content","text":" that such product or component was not produced or manufactured by a prohibited foreign entity."},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/D/iii/III","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(III)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Exception"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"Notwithstanding subclauses (I) and (II)\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"content","text":" if the taxpayer knows (or has reason to know) that a manufactured product or eligible component was produced or manufactured by a prohibited foreign entity, the taxpayer shall treat all direct costs with respect to such manufactured product, or all direct material costs with respect to such eligible component, as attributable to a prohibited foreign entity, and"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"content","text":" if the taxpayer knows (or has reason to know) that the certification referred to in subclause (II)(bb) pertaining to a manufactured product or eligible component is inaccurate, the taxpayer may not rely on such certification."},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/D/iii/IV","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(IV)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Certification requirement"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"In a manner consistent with Treasury Regulation section 1.45X\u20134(c)(4)(i) (as in effect on the date of enactment of this paragraph), the certification referred to in subclause (II)(bb) shall\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" include\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(AA)"},{"t":"content","text":" the supplier\u2019s employer identification number, or"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(BB)"},{"t":"content","text":" any such similar identification number issued by a foreign government,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"content","text":" be signed under penalties of perjury,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(cc)"},{"t":"content","text":" be retained by the supplier and the taxpayer for a period of not less than 6 years and shall be provided to the Secretary upon request, and"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(dd)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" be from the supplier from which the taxpayer purchased any manufactured product, eligible component, or constituent elements, materials, or subcomponents of an eligible component, stating\u2014"},{"t":"num","text":"(AA)"},{"t":"content","text":" that such property was not produced or manufactured by a prohibited foreign entity and that the supplier does not know (or have reason to know) that any prior supplier in the chain of production of that property is a prohibited foreign entity,"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(BB)"},{"t":"content","text":" for purposes of section 45X, the total direct material costs for each component, constituent element, material, or subcomponent that were not produced or manufactured by a prohibited foreign entity, or"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(CC)"},{"t":"content","text":" for purposes of section 45Y or section 48E, the total direct costs attributable to all manufactured products that were not produced or manufactured by a prohibited foreign entity."},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/D/iv","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iv)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Existing contract"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"Upon the election of the taxpayer (in such form and manner as the Secretary shall designate), in the case of any manufactured product, eligible component, or constituent element, material, or subcomponent of an eligible component which is\u2014"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/D/iv/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"content","text":" acquired by the taxpayer, or manufactured or assembled by or for the taxpayer, pursuant to a binding written contract which was entered into prior to ","children":[{"t":"text","text":"June 16, 2025","tail":", and"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/D/iv/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"num","text":"(aa)"},{"t":"content","text":" placed into service before ","children":[{"t":"text","text":"January 1, 2030","tail":" (or, in the case of an applicable facility, as defined in section 45Y(d)(4)(B), before "},{"t":"text","text":"January 1, 2028","tail":") in a facility the construction of which began before "},{"t":"text","text":"August 1, 2025","tail":", or"}]},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"},{"t":"num","text":"(bb)"},{"t":"content","text":" in the case of a constituent element, material, or subcomponent, used in a product sold before ","children":[{"t":"text","text":"January 1, 2030","tail":","}]},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"\u2001the cost to the taxpayer with respect to such product, component, element, material, or subcomponent shall not be included for purposes of determining the material assistance cost ratio under this subparagraph.","tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/D/v","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(v)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Anti-circumvention rules"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations and guidance as may be necessary or appropriate to prevent circumvention of the rules under this subparagraph, including prevention of\u2014"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/D/v/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"content","text":" any abuse of the exception provided under clause (iv) through the stockpiling of any manufactured product, eligible component, or constituent element, material, or subcomponent of an eligible component during any period prior to the application of the requirements under this paragraph, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/D/v/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"content","text":" any evasion with respect to the requirements of this subparagraph where the facts and circumstances demonstrate that the beginning of construction of a qualified facility or energy storage technology has not in fact occurred.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/E","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(E)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Other definitions"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of this paragraph\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/E/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Eligible component"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201celigible component\u201d means\u2014"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/E/i/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"content","text":" any property described in section 45X(c)(1), or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/E/i/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"content","text":" any component which is identified by the Secretary pursuant to regulations or guidance issued under subparagraph (G).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/E/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Energy storage technology"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cenergy storage technology\u201d has the same meaning given such term under section 48E(c)(2).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/E/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Manufactured product"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201cmanufactured product\u201d means\u2014"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/E/iii/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"content","text":" a manufactured product which is a component of a qualified facility, as described in section 45Y(g)(11)(B) and any guidance issued thereunder, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/E/iii/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"content","text":" any product which is identified by the Secretary pursuant to regulations or guidance issued under subparagraph (G).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/E/iv","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iv)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Qualified facility"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201cqualified facility\u201d means\u2014"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/E/iv/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"content","text":" a qualified facility, as defined in section 45Y(b)(1),","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/E/iv/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"content","text":" a qualified facility, as defined in section 48E(b)(3), and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/E/iv/III","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(III)"},{"t":"content","text":" any qualified interconnection property (as defined in section 48E(b)(4)) which is part of the qualified investment with respect to a qualified facility (as described in section 48E(b)(1)).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/F","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(F)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Determination of ownership; beginning of construction"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Rules similar to the rules under subparagraphs (H) and (J) of paragraph (51) shall apply for purposes of this paragraph.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/G","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(G)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Regulations and guidance"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The Secretary may prescribe such regulations and guidance as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the provisions of this paragraph, including\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/G/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" identification of components or products for purposes of clauses (i) and (iii) of subparagraph (E), and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/a/52/G/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" for purposes of subparagraph (A)(ii), rules to address facilities which produce more than one eligible component.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(b)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Definition of resident alien and nonresident alien"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/1","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(1)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of this title (other than subtitle B)\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/1/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Resident alien"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"An alien individual shall be treated as a resident of the United States with respect to any calendar year if (and only if) such individual meets the requirements of clause (i), (ii), or (iii):"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/1/A/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Lawfully admitted for permanent residence"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Such individual is a lawful permanent resident of the United States at any time during such calendar year.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/1/A/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Substantial presence test"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Such individual meets the substantial presence test of paragraph (3).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/1/A/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"First year election"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Such individual makes the election provided in paragraph (4).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/1/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Nonresident alien"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"An individual is a nonresident alien if such individual is neither a citizen of the United States nor a resident of the United States (within the meaning of subparagraph (A)).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/2","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(2)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Special rules for first and last year of residency"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/2/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"First year of residency"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/2/A/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"If an alien individual is a resident of the United States under paragraph (1)(A) with respect to any calendar year, but was not a resident of the United States at any time during the preceding calendar year, such alien individual shall be treated as a resident of the United States only for the portion of such calendar year which begins on the residency starting date.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/2/A/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Residency starting date for individuals lawfully admitted for permanent residence"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"In the case of an individual who is a lawfully permanent resident of the United States at any time during the calendar year, but does not meet the substantial presence test of paragraph (3), the residency starting date shall be the first day in such calendar year on which he was present in the United States while a lawful permanent resident of the United States.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/2/A/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Residency starting date for individuals meeting substantial presence test"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"In the case of an individual who meets the substantial presence test of paragraph (3) with respect to any calendar year, the residency starting date shall be the first day during such calendar year on which the individual is present in the United States.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/2/A/iv","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iv)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Residency starting date for individuals making first year election"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"In the case of an individual who makes the election provided by paragraph (4) with respect to any calendar year, the residency starting date shall be the 1st day during such calendar year on which the individual is treated as a resident of the United States under that paragraph.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/2/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Last year of residency"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"An alien individual shall not be treated as a resident of the United States during a portion of any calendar year if\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/2/B/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" such portion is after the last day in such calendar year on which the individual was present in the United States (or, in the case of an individual described in paragraph (1)(A)(i), the last day on which he was so described),","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/2/B/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" during such portion the individual has a closer connection to a foreign country than to the United States, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/2/B/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"content","text":" the individual is not a resident of the United States at any time during the next calendar year.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/2/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Certain nominal presence disregarded"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/2/C/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of subparagraphs (A)(iii) and (B), an individual shall not be treated as present in the United States during any period for which the individual establishes that he has a closer connection to a foreign country than to the United States.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/2/C/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Not more than 10 days disregarded"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Clause (i) shall not apply to more than 10 days on which the individual is present in the United States.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/3","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(3)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Substantial presence test"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/3/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, an individual meets the substantial presence test of this paragraph with respect to any calendar year (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as the \u201ccurrent year\u201d) if\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/3/A/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" such individual was present in the United States on at least 31 days during the calendar year, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/3/A/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" the sum of the number of days on which such individual was present in the United States during the current year and the 2 preceding calendar years (when multiplied by the applicable multiplier determined under the following table) equals or exceeds 183 days:","children":[{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"p","children":[{"t":"text","text":"\u2001\u2001\u2001In the case of days in:"}]},{"t":"p","children":[{"t":"text","text":"The applicable multiplier is:"}]},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"p","children":[{"t":"text","text":"Current year"}]},{"t":"p","text":"1\u2001"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"p","children":[{"t":"text","text":"1st preceding year"}]},{"t":"p","text":"\u2153\u2001"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"p","children":[{"t":"text","text":"2nd preceding year"}]},{"t":"p","text":"\u2159\u2001"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/3/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Exception where individual is present in the United States during less than one-half of current year and closer connection to foreign country is established"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"An individual shall not be treated as meeting the substantial presence test of this paragraph with respect to any current year if\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/3/B/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" such individual is present in the United States on fewer than 183 days during the current year, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/3/B/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" it is established that for the current year such individual has a tax home (as defined in section 911(d)(3) without regard to the second sentence thereof) in a foreign country and has a closer connection to such foreign country than to the United States.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/3/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Subparagraph (B) not to apply in certain cases"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"Subparagraph (B) shall not apply to any individual with respect to any current year if at any time during such year\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/3/C/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" such individual had an application for adjustment of status pending, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/3/C/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" such individual took other steps to apply for status as a lawful permanent resident of the United States.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/3/D","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(D)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Exception for exempt individuals or for certain medical conditions"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"An individual shall not be treated as being present in the United States on any day if\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/3/D/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" such individual is an exempt individual for such day, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/3/D/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" such individual was unable to leave the United States on such day because of a medical condition which arose while such individual was present in the United States.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/4","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(4)"},{"t":"heading","text":"First-year election"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/4/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" An alien individual shall be deemed to meet the requirements of this subparagraph if such individual\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/4/A/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" is not a resident of the United States under clause (i) or (ii) of paragraph (1)(A) with respect to a calendar year (hereinafter referred to as the \u201celection year\u201d),","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/4/A/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" was not a resident of the United States under paragraph (1)(A) with respect to the calendar year immediately preceding the election year,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/4/A/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"content","text":" is a resident of the United States under clause (ii) of paragraph (1)(A) with respect to the calendar year immediately following the election year, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/4/A/iv","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iv)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" is both\u2014"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/4/A/iv/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"content","text":" present in the United States for a period of at least 31 consecutive days in the election year, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/4/A/iv/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"content","text":" present in the United States during the period beginning with the first day of such 31-day period and ending with the last day of the election year (hereinafter referred to as the \u201ctesting period\u201d) for a number of days equal to or exceeding 75 percent of the number of days in the testing period (provided that an individual shall be treated for purposes of this subclause as present in the United States for a number of days during the testing period not exceeding 5 days in the aggregate, notwithstanding his absence from the United States on such days).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/4/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" An alien individual who meets the requirements of subparagraph (A) shall, if he so elects, be treated as a resident of the United States with respect to the election year.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/4/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"content","text":" An alien individual who makes the election provided by subparagraph (B) shall be treated as a resident of the United States for the portion of the election year which begins on the 1st day of the earliest testing period during such year with respect to which the individual meets the requirements of clause (iv) of subparagraph (A).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/4/D","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(D)"},{"t":"content","text":" The rules of subparagraph (D)(i) of paragraph (3) shall apply for purposes of determining an individual\u2019s presence in the United States under this paragraph.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/4/E","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(E)"},{"t":"content","text":" An election under subparagraph (B) shall be made on the individual\u2019s tax return for the election year, provided that such election may not be made before the individual has met the substantial presence test of paragraph (3) with respect to the calendar year immediately following the election year.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/4/F","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(F)"},{"t":"content","text":" An election once made under subparagraph (B) remains in effect for the election year, unless revoked with the consent of the Secretary.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(5)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Exempt individual defined"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of this subsection\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"An individual is an exempt individual for any day if, for such day, such individual is\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/A/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" a foreign government-related individual,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/A/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" a teacher or trainee,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/A/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"content","text":" a student, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/A/iv","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iv)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" a professional athlete who is temporarily in the United States to compete in a sports event\u2014"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/A/iv/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"content","text":" which is organized for the primary purpose of benefiting an organization which is described in section 501(c)(3) and exempt from tax under section 501(a),","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/A/iv/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"content","text":" all of the net proceeds of which are contributed to such organization, and,","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"2"},{"t":"num","text":"2","tail":"\u202fSo in original. The comma probably should not appear."},{"t":"text","text":"\u202fSo in original. The comma probably should not appear."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/A/iv/III","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(III)"},{"t":"content","text":" which utilizes volunteers for substantially all of the work performed in carrying out such event.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Foreign government-related individual"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201cforeign government-related individual\u201d means any individual temporarily present in the United States by reason of\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/B/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" diplomatic status, or a visa which the Secretary (after consultation with the Secretary of State) determines represents full-time diplomatic or consular status for purposes of this subsection,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/B/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" being a full-time employee of an international organization, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/B/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"content","text":" being a member of the immediate family of an individual described in clause (i) or (ii).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Teacher or trainee"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201cteacher or trainee\u201d means any individual\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/C/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" who is temporarily present in the United States under subparagraph (J) or (Q) of section 101(15) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (other than as a student), and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/C/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" who substantially complies with the requirements for being so present.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/D","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(D)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Student"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201cstudent\u201d means any individual\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/D/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" who is temporarily present in the United States\u2014"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/D/i/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"content","text":" under subparagraph (F) or (M) of section 101(15) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/D/i/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"content","text":" as a student under subparagraph (J) or (Q) of such section 101(15), and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/D/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" who substantially complies with the requirements for being so present.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/E","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(E)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Special rules for teachers, trainees, and students"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/E/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Limitation on teachers and trainees"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"An individual shall not be treated as an exempt individual by reason of clause (ii) of subparagraph (A) for the current year if, for any 2 calendar years during the preceding 6 calendar years, such person was an exempt person under clause (ii) or (iii) of subparagraph (A). In the case of an individual all of whose compensation is described in section 872(b)(3), the preceding sentence shall be applied by substituting \u201c4 calendar years\u201d for \u201c2 calendar years\u201d.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/5/E/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Limitation on students"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For any calendar year after the 5th calendar year for which an individual was an exempt individual under clause (ii) or (iii) of subparagraph (A), such individual shall not be treated as an exempt individual by reason of clause (iii) of subparagraph (A), unless such individual establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary that such individual does not intend to permanently reside in the United States and that such individual meets the requirements of subparagraph (D)(ii).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/6","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(6)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Lawful permanent resident"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of this subsection, an individual is a lawful permanent resident of the United States at any time if\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/6/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" such individual has the status of having been lawfully accorded the privilege of residing permanently in the United States as an immigrant in accordance with the immigration laws, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/6/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" such status has not been revoked (and has not been administratively or judicially determined to have been abandoned).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"An individual shall cease to be treated as a lawful permanent resident of the United States if such individual commences to be treated as a resident of a foreign country under the provisions of a tax treaty between the United States and the foreign country, does not waive the benefits of such treaty applicable to residents of the foreign country, and notifies the Secretary of the commencement of such treatment.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/7","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(7)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Presence in the United States"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of this subsection\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/7/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Except as provided in subparagraph (B), (C), or (D), an individual shall be treated as present in the United States on any day if such individual is physically present in the United States at any time during such day.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/7/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Commuters from Canada or Mexico"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"If an individual regularly commutes to employment (or self-employment) in the United States from a place of residence in Canada or Mexico, such individual shall not be treated as present in the United States on any day during which he so commutes.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/7/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Transit between 2 foreign points"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"If an individual, who is in transit between 2 points outside the United States, is physically present in the United States for less than 24 hours, such individual shall not be treated as present in the United States on any day during such transit.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/7/D","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(D)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Crew members temporarily present"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"An individual who is temporarily present in the United States on any day as a regular member of the crew of a foreign vessel engaged in transportation between the United States and a foreign country or a possession of the United States shall not be treated as present in the United States on such day unless such individual otherwise engages in any trade or business in the United States on such day.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/8","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(8)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Annual statements"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The Secretary may prescribe regulations under which an individual who (but for subparagraph (B) or (D) of paragraph (3)) would meet the substantial presence test of paragraph (3) is required to submit an annual statement setting forth the basis on which such individual claims the benefits of subparagraph (B) or (D) of paragraph (3), as the case may be.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/9","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(9)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Taxable year"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/9/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of this title, an alien individual who has not established a taxable year for any prior period shall be treated as having a taxable year which is the calendar year.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/9/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Fiscal year taxpayer"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"If\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/9/B/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" an individual is treated under paragraph (1) as a resident of the United States for any calendar year, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/9/B/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" after the application of subparagraph (A), such individual has a taxable year other than a calendar year,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"he shall be treated as a resident of the United States with respect to any portion of a taxable year which is within such calendar year.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/10","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(10)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Coordination with section 877"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"If\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/10/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" an alien individual was treated as a resident of the United States during any period which includes at least 3 consecutive calendar years (hereinafter referred to as the \u201cinitial residency period\u201d), and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/10/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" such individual ceases to be treated as a resident of the United States but subsequently becomes a resident of the United States before the close of the 3rd calendar year beginning after the close of the initial residency period,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"such individual shall be taxable for the period after the close of the initial residency period and before the day on which he subsequently became a resident of the United States in the manner provided in section 877(b). The preceding sentence shall apply only if the tax imposed pursuant to section 877(b) exceeds the tax which, without regard to this paragraph, is imposed pursuant to section 871.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/b/11","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(11)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Regulations"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/c","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(c)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Includes and including"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The terms \u201cincludes\u201d and \u201cincluding\u201d when used in a definition contained in this title shall not be deemed to exclude other things otherwise within the meaning of the term defined.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/d","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(d)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Commonwealth of Puerto Rico"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Where not otherwise distinctly expressed or manifestly incompatible with the intent thereof, references in this title to possessions of the United States shall be treated as also referring to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(e)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Treatment of certain contracts for providing services, etc."},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of chapter 1\u2014"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/1","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(1)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"A contract which purports to be a service contract shall be treated as a lease of property if such contract is properly treated as a lease of property, taking into account all relevant factors including whether or not\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/1/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" the service recipient is in physical possession of the property,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/1/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" the service recipient controls the property,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/1/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"content","text":" the service recipient has a significant economic or possessory interest in the property,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/1/D","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(D)"},{"t":"content","text":" the service provider does not bear any risk of substantially diminished receipts or substantially increased expenditures if there is nonperformance under the contract,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/1/E","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(E)"},{"t":"content","text":" the service provider does not use the property concurrently to provide significant services to entities unrelated to the service recipient, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/1/F","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(F)"},{"t":"content","text":" the total contract price does not substantially exceed the rental value of the property for the contract period.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/2","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(2)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Other arrangements"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"An arrangement (including a partnership or other pass-thru entity) which is not described in paragraph (1) shall be treated as a lease if such arrangement is properly treated as a lease, taking into account all relevant factors including factors similar to those set forth in paragraph (1).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/3","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(3)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Special rules for contracts or arrangements involving solid waste disposal, energy, and clean water facilities"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/3/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), and except as provided in paragraph (4), any contract or arrangement between a service provider and a service recipient\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/3/A/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" with respect to\u2014"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/3/A/i/I","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(I)"},{"t":"content","text":" the operation of a qualified solid waste disposal facility,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/3/A/i/II","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(II)"},{"t":"content","text":" the sale to the service recipient of electrical or thermal energy produced at a cogeneration or alternative energy facility,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/3/A/i/III","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(III)"},{"t":"content","text":" the operation of a water treatment works facility, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subclause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/3/A/i/IV","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(IV)"},{"t":"content","text":" the operation of a storage facility, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/3/A/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" which purports to be a service contract,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"shall be treated as a service contract.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/3/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Qualified solid waste disposal facility"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term \u201cqualified solid waste disposal facility\u201d means any facility if such facility provides solid waste disposal services for residents of part or all of 1 or more governmental units and substantially all of the solid waste processed at such facility is collected from the general public.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/3/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Cogeneration facility"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term \u201ccogeneration facility\u201d means a facility which uses the same energy source for the sequential generation of electrical or mechanical power in combination with steam, heat, or other forms of useful energy.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/3/D","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(D)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Alternative energy facility"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term \u201calternative energy facility\u201d means a facility for producing electrical or thermal energy if the primary energy source for the facility is not oil, natural gas, coal, or nuclear power.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/3/E","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(E)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Water treatment works facility"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term \u201cwater treatment works facility\u201d means any treatment works within the meaning of section 212(2) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/3/F","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(F)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Storage facility"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term \u201cstorage facility\u201d means a facility which uses energy storage technology within the meaning of section 48(c)(6).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/4","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(4)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Paragraph (3) not to apply in certain cases"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/4/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"Paragraph (3) shall not apply to any qualified solid waste disposal facility, cogeneration facility, alternative energy facility, water treatment works facility, or storage facility used under a contract or arrangement if\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/4/A/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" the service recipient (or a related entity) operates such facility,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/4/A/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" the service recipient (or a related entity) bears any significant financial burden if there is nonperformance under the contract or arrangement (other than for reasons beyond the control of the service provider),","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/4/A/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"content","text":" the service recipient (or a related entity) receives any significant financial benefit if the operating costs of such facility are less than the standards of performance or operation under the contract or arrangement, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/4/A/iv","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iv)"},{"t":"content","text":" the service recipient (or a related entity) has an option to purchase, or may be required to purchase, all or a part of such facility at a fixed and determinable price (other than for fair market value).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"For purposes of this paragraph, the term \u201crelated entity\u201d has the same meaning as when used in section 168(h).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/4/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Special rules for application of subparagraph (A) with respect to certain rights and allocations under the contract"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of subparagraph (A), there shall not be taken into account\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/4/B/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" any right of a service recipient to inspect any facility, to exercise any sovereign power the service recipient may possess, or to act in the event of a breach of contract by the service provider, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/4/B/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" any allocation of any financial burden or benefits in the event of any change in any law.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/4/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Special rules for application of subparagraph (A) in the case of certain events"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/4/C/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Temporary shut-downs, etc."},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of clause (ii) of subparagraph (A), there shall not be taken into account any temporary shut-down of the facility for repairs, maintenance, or capital improvements, or any financial burden caused by the bankruptcy or similar financial difficulty of the service provider.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/4/C/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Reduced costs"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of clause (iii) of subparagraph (A), there shall not be taken into account any significant financial benefit merely because payments by the service recipient under the contract or arrangement are decreased by reason of increased production or efficiency or the recovery of energy or other products.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/5","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(5)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Exception for certain low-income housing"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"This subsection shall not apply to any property described in clause (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of section 1250(a)(1)(B) (relating to low-income housing) if\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/5/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" such property is operated by or for an organization described in paragraph (3) or (4) of section 501(c), and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/5/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" at least 80 percent of the units in such property are leased to low-income tenants (within the meaning of section 167(k)(3)(B)) (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/e/6","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(6)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Regulations"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The Secretary may prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the provisions of this subsection.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/f","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(f)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Use of related persons or pass-thru entities"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to prevent the avoidance of those provisions of this title which deal with\u2014"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/f/1","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(1)"},{"t":"content","text":" the linking of borrowing to investment, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/f/2","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(2)"},{"t":"content","text":" diminishing risks,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"through the use of related persons, pass-thru entities, or other intermediaries.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/g","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(g)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Clarification of fair market value in the case of nonrecourse indebtedness"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of subtitle A, in determining the amount of gain or loss (or deemed gain or loss) with respect to any property, the fair market value of such property shall be treated as being not less than the amount of any nonrecourse indebtedness to which such property is subject.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/h","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(h)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Motor vehicle operating leases"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/h/1","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(1)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of this title, in the case of a qualified motor vehicle operating agreement which contains a terminal rental adjustment clause\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/h/1/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" such agreement shall be treated as a lease if (but for such terminal rental adjustment clause) such agreement would be treated as a lease under this title, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/h/1/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" the lessee shall not be treated as the owner of the property subject to an agreement during any period such agreement is in effect.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/h/2","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(2)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Qualified motor vehicle operating agreement defined"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of this subsection\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/h/2/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cqualified motor vehicle operating agreement\u201d means any agreement with respect to a motor vehicle (including a trailer) which meets the requirements of subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D) of this paragraph.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/h/2/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Minimum liability of lessor"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"An agreement meets the requirements of this subparagraph if under such agreement the sum of\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/h/2/B/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" the amount the lessor is personally liable to repay, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/h/2/B/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" the net fair market value of the lessor\u2019s interest in any property pledged as security for property subject to the agreement,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"equals or exceeds all amounts borrowed to finance the acquisition of property subject to the agreement. There shall not be taken into account under clause (ii) any property pledged which is property subject to the agreement or property directly or indirectly financed by indebtedness secured by property subject to the agreement.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/h/2/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Certification by lessee; notice of tax ownership"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"An agreement meets the requirements of this subparagraph if such agreement contains a separate written statement separately signed by the lessee\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/h/2/C/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" under which the lessee certifies, under penalty of perjury, that it intends that more than 50 percent of the use of the property subject to such agreement is to be in a trade or business of the lessee, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/h/2/C/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" which clearly and legibly states that the lessee has been advised that it will not be treated as the owner of the property subject to the agreement for Federal income tax purposes.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/h/2/D","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(D)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Lessor must have no knowledge that certification is false"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"An agreement meets the requirements of this subparagraph if the lessor does not know that the certification described in subparagraph (C)(i) is false.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/h/3","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(3)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Terminal rental adjustment clause defined"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/h/3/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of this subsection, the term \u201cterminal rental adjustment clause\u201d means a provision of an agreement which permits or requires the rental price to be adjusted upward or downward by reference to the amount realized by the lessor under the agreement upon sale or other disposition of such property.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/h/3/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Special rule for lessee dealers"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cterminal rental adjustment clause\u201d also includes a provision of an agreement which requires a lessee who is a dealer in motor vehicles to purchase the motor vehicle for a predetermined price and then resell such vehicle where such provision achieves substantially the same results as a provision described in subparagraph (A).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Taxable mortgage pools"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/i/1","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(1)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Treated as separate corporations"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"A taxable mortgage pool shall be treated as a separate corporation which may not be treated as an includible corporation with any other corporation for purposes of section 1501.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/i/2","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(2)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Taxable mortgage pool defined"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of this title\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/i/2/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, a taxable mortgage pool is any entity (other than a REMIC) if\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/i/2/A/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" substantially all of the assets of such entity consists of debt obligations (or interests therein) and more than 50 percent of such debt obligations (or interests) consists of real estate mortgages (or interests therein),","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/i/2/A/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" such entity is the obligor under debt obligations with 2 or more maturities, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/i/2/A/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"content","text":" under the terms of the debt obligations referred to in clause (ii) (or underlying arrangement), payments on such debt obligations bear a relationship to payments on the debt obligations (or interests) referred to in clause (i).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/i/2/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Portion of entities treated as pools"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Any portion of an entity which meets the definition of subparagraph (A) shall be treated as a taxable mortgage pool.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/i/2/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Exception for domestic building and loan"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to treat any domestic building and loan association (or portion thereof) as a taxable mortgage pool.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/i/2/D","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(D)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Treatment of certain equity interests"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"To the extent provided in regulations, equity interest of varying classes which correspond to maturity classes of debt shall be treated as debt for purposes of this subsection.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/i/3","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(3)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Treatment of certain REIT\u2019s"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"If\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/i/3/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" a real estate investment trust is a taxable mortgage pool, or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/i/3/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" a qualified REIT subsidiary (as defined in section 856(i)(2)) of a real estate investment trust is a taxable mortgage pool,","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, adjustments similar to the adjustments provided in section 860E(d) shall apply to the shareholders of such real estate investment trust.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/j","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(j)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Tax treatment of Federal Thrift Savings Fund"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/j/1","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(1)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of this title\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/j/1/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" the Thrift Savings Fund shall be treated as a trust described in section 401(a) which is exempt from taxation under section 501(a);","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/j/1/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" any contribution to, or distribution from, the Thrift Savings Fund shall be treated in the same manner as contributions to or distributions from such a trust; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/j/1/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"content","text":" subject to section 401(k)(4)(B) and any dollar limitation on the application of section 402(e)(3), contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund shall not be treated as distributed or made available to an employee or Member nor as a contribution made to the Fund by an employee or Member merely because the employee or Member has, under the provisions of subchapter III of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, and section 8351 of such title 5, an election whether the contribution will be made to the Thrift Savings Fund or received by the employee or Member in cash.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/j/2","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(2)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Nondiscrimination requirements"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Thrift Savings Fund is not subject to the nondiscrimination requirements applicable to arrangements described in section 401(k) or to matching contributions (as described in section 401(m)), so long as it meets the requirements of this section.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/j/3","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(3)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Coordination with Social Security Act"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Paragraph (1) shall not be construed to provide that any amount of the employee\u2019s or Member\u2019s basic pay which is contributed to the Thrift Savings Fund shall not be included in the term \u201cwages\u201d for the purposes of section 209 of the Social Security Act or ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 3121(a) of this title","href":"/us/usc/t26/s3121/a","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/j/4","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(4)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Definitions"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of this subsection, the terms \u201cMember\u201d, \u201cemployee\u201d, and \u201cThrift Savings Fund\u201d shall have the same respective meanings as when used in subchapter III of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/j/5","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(5)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Coordination with other provisions of law"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"No provision of law not contained in this title shall apply for purposes of determining the treatment under this title of the Thrift Savings Fund or any contribution to, or distribution from, such Fund.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/k","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(k)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Treatment of certain amounts paid to charity"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"In the case of any payment which, except for ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 13143(b) of title 5","href":"/us/usc/t5/s13143/b","tail":", United States Code, might be made to any officer or employee of the Federal Government but which is made instead on behalf of such officer or employee to an organization described in section 170(c)\u2014"}]},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/k/1","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(1)"},{"t":"content","text":" such payment shall not be treated as received by such officer or employee for all purposes of this title and for all purposes of any tax law of a State or political subdivision thereof, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/k/2","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(2)"},{"t":"content","text":" no deduction shall be allowed under any provision of this title (or of any tax law of a State or political subdivision thereof) to such officer or employee by reason of having such payment made to such organization.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n\n"},{"t":"continuation","text":"For purposes of this subsection, a Senator, a Representative in, or a Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress shall be treated as an officer or employee of the Federal Government.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/l","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(l)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Regulations relating to conduit arrangements"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The Secretary may prescribe regulations recharacterizing any multiple-party financing transaction as a transaction directly among any 2 or more of such parties where the Secretary determines that such recharacterization is appropriate to prevent avoidance of any tax imposed by this title.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/m","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(m)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Designation of contract markets"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Any designation by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission of a contract market which could not have been made under the law in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 shall apply for purposes of this title except to the extent provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/n","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(n)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Convention or association of churches"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of this title, any organization which is otherwise a convention or association of churches shall not fail to so qualify merely because the membership of such organization includes individuals as well as churches or because individuals have voting rights in such organization.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/o","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(o)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Clarification of economic substance doctrine"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/o/1","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(1)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Application of doctrine"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"In the case of any transaction to which the economic substance doctrine is relevant, such transaction shall be treated as having economic substance only if\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/o/1/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" the transaction changes in a meaningful way (apart from Federal income tax effects) the taxpayer\u2019s economic position, and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/o/1/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" the taxpayer has a substantial purpose (apart from Federal income tax effects) for entering into such transaction.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/o/2","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(2)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Special rule where taxpayer relies on profit potential"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/o/2/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The potential for profit of a transaction shall be taken into account in determining whether the requirements of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1) are met with respect to the transaction only if the present value of the reasonably expected pre-tax profit from the transaction is substantial in relation to the present value of the expected net tax benefits that would be allowed if the transaction were respected.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/o/2/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Treatment of fees and foreign taxes"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"Fees and other transaction expenses shall be taken into account as expenses in determining pre-tax profit under subparagraph (A). The Secretary shall issue regulations requiring foreign taxes to be treated as expenses in determining pre-tax profit in appropriate cases.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/o/3","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(3)"},{"t":"heading","text":"State and local tax benefits"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of paragraph (1), any State or local income tax effect which is related to a Federal income tax effect shall be treated in the same manner as a Federal income tax effect.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/o/4","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(4)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Financial accounting benefits"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of paragraph (1)(B), achieving a financial accounting benefit shall not be taken into account as a purpose for entering into a transaction if the origin of such financial accounting benefit is a reduction of Federal income tax.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/o/5","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(5)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Definitions and special rules"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"For purposes of this subsection\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/o/5/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Economic substance doctrine"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201ceconomic substance doctrine\u201d means the common law doctrine under which tax benefits under subtitle A with respect to a transaction are not allowable if the transaction does not have economic substance or lacks a business purpose.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/o/5/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Exception for personal transactions of individuals"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"In the case of an individual, paragraph (1) shall apply only to transactions entered into in connection with a trade or business or an activity engaged in for the production of income.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/o/5/C","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(C)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Determination of application of doctrine not affected"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The determination of whether the economic substance doctrine is relevant to a transaction shall be made in the same manner as if this subsection had never been enacted.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/o/5/D","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(D)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Transaction"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201ctransaction\u201d includes a series of transactions.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/p","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(p)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Cross references"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/p/1","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(1)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Other definitions"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For other definitions, see the following sections of Title 1 of the United States Code:","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/p/1","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(1)"},{"t":"content","text":" Singular as including plural, section 1.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/p/2","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(2)"},{"t":"content","text":" Plural as including singular, section 1.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/p/3","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(3)"},{"t":"content","text":" Masculine as including feminine, section 1.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/p/4","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(4)"},{"t":"content","text":" Officer, section 1.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/p/5","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(5)"},{"t":"content","text":" Oath as including affirmation, section 1.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/p/6","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(6)"},{"t":"content","text":" County as including parish, section 2.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/p/7","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(7)"},{"t":"content","text":" Vessel as including all means of water transportation, section 3.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/p/8","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(8)"},{"t":"content","text":" Vehicle as including all means of land transportation, section 4.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/p/9","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(9)"},{"t":"content","text":" Company or association as including successors and assigns, section 5.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t26/s7701/p/2","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(2)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Effect of cross references"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For effect of cross references in this title, see section 7806(a).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"}]}]}