{"identifier":"/us/usc/t42/s12111","title":42,"num":"\u00a7\u202f12111.","heading":"Definitions","text":"\u00a7\u202f12111.\nDefinitions\nAs used in this subchapter:\n(1)\nCommission\nThe term \u201cCommission\u201d means the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission established by\nsection 2000e\u20134 of this title\n(2)\nCovered entity\nThe term \u201ccovered entity\u201d means an employer, employment agency, labor organization, or joint labor-management committee.\n(3)\nDirect threat\nThe term \u201cdirect threat\u201d means a significant risk to the health or safety of others that cannot be eliminated by reasonable accommodation.\n(4)\nEmployee\nThe term \u201cemployee\u201d means an individual employed by an employer. With respect to employment in a foreign country, such term includes an individual who is a citizen of the United States.\n(5)\nEmployer\n(A)\nIn general\nThe term \u201cemployer\u201d means a person engaged in an industry affecting commerce who has 15 or more employees for each working day in each of 20 or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding calendar year, and any agent of such person, except that, for two years following the effective date of this subchapter, an employer means a person engaged in an industry affecting commerce who has 25 or more employees for each working day in each of 20 or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding year, and any agent of such person.\n(B)\nExceptions\nThe term \u201cemployer\u201d does not include\u2014\n(i) the United States, a corporation wholly owned by the government of the United States, or an Indian tribe; or\n(ii) a bona fide private membership club (other than a labor organization) that is exempt from taxation under\nsection 501(c) of title 26\n(6)\nIllegal use of drugs\n(A)\nIn general\nThe term \u201cillegal use of drugs\u201d means the use of drugs, the possession or distribution of which is unlawful under the Controlled Substances Act [\n21 U.S.C. 801\n(B)\nDrugs\nThe term \u201cdrug\u201d means a controlled substance, as defined in schedules I through V of section 202 of the Controlled Substances Act [\n21 U.S.C. 812\n(7)\nPerson, etc.\nThe terms \u201cperson\u201d, \u201clabor organization\u201d, \u201cemployment agency\u201d, \u201ccommerce\u201d, and \u201cindustry affecting commerce\u201d, shall have the same meaning given such terms in\nsection 2000e of this title\n(8)\nQualified individual\nThe term \u201cqualified individual\u201d means an individual who, with or without reasonable accommodation, can perform the essential functions of the employment position that such individual holds or desires. For the purposes of this subchapter, consideration shall be given to the employer\u2019s judgment as to what functions of a job are essential, and if an employer has prepared a written description before advertising or interviewing applicants for the job, this description shall be considered evidence of the essential functions of the job.\n(9)\nReasonable accommodation\nThe term \u201creasonable accommodation\u201d may include\u2014\n(A) making existing facilities used by employees readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities; and\n(B) job restructuring, part-time or modified work schedules, reassignment to a vacant position, acquisition or modification of equipment or devices, appropriate adjustment or modifications of examinations, training materials or policies, the provision of qualified readers or interpreters, and other similar accommodations for individuals with disabilities.\n(10)\nUndue hardship\n(A)\nIn general\nThe term \u201cundue hardship\u201d means an action requiring significant difficulty or expense, when considered in light of the factors set forth in subparagraph (B).\n(B)\nFactors to be considered\nIn determining whether an accommodation would impose an undue hardship on a covered entity, factors to be considered include\u2014\n(i) the nature and cost of the accommodation needed under this chapter;\n(ii) the overall financial resources of the facility or facilities involved in the provision of the reasonable accommodation; the number of persons employed at such facility; the effect on expenses and resources, or the impact otherwise of such accommodation upon the operation of the facility;\n(iii) the overall financial resources of the covered entity; the overall size of the business of a covered entity with respect to the number of its employees; the number, type, and location of its facilities; and\n(iv) the type of operation or operations of the covered entity, including the composition, structure, and functions of the workforce of such entity; the geographic separateness, administrative, or fiscal relationship of the facility or facilities in question to the covered entity.","url":"https://projectusc.org/usc/t42/s12111.html","content":[{"t":"sec","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111","children":[{"t":"num","text":"\u00a7\u202f12111."},{"t":"heading","text":"Definitions","tail":"\n"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"As used in this subchapter:"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/1","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(1)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Commission"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cCommission\u201d means the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission established by ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 2000e\u20134 of this title","href":"/us/usc/t42/s2000e\u20134","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/2","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(2)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Covered entity"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201ccovered entity\u201d means an employer, employment agency, labor organization, or joint labor-management committee.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/3","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(3)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Direct threat"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cdirect threat\u201d means a significant risk to the health or safety of others that cannot be eliminated by reasonable accommodation.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/4","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(4)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Employee"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cemployee\u201d means an individual employed by an employer. With respect to employment in a foreign country, such term includes an individual who is a citizen of the United States.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/5","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(5)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Employer"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/5/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cemployer\u201d means a person engaged in an industry affecting commerce who has 15 or more employees for each working day in each of 20 or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding calendar year, and any agent of such person, except that, for two years following the effective date of this subchapter, an employer means a person engaged in an industry affecting commerce who has 25 or more employees for each working day in each of 20 or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding year, and any agent of such person.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/5/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Exceptions"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201cemployer\u201d does not include\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/5/B/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" the United States, a corporation wholly owned by the government of the United States, or an Indian tribe; or","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/5/B/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" a bona fide private membership club (other than a labor organization) that is exempt from taxation under ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 501(c) of title 26","href":"/us/usc/t26/s501/c","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/6","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(6)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Illegal use of drugs"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/6/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cillegal use of drugs\u201d means the use of drugs, the possession or distribution of which is unlawful under the Controlled Substances Act [","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"21 U.S.C. 801","href":"/us/usc/t21/s801","tail":" et seq.]. Such term does not include the use of a drug taken under supervision by a licensed health care professional, or other uses authorized by the Controlled Substances Act or other provisions of Federal law."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/6/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Drugs"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cdrug\u201d means a controlled substance, as defined in schedules I through V of section 202 of the Controlled Substances Act [","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"21 U.S.C. 812","href":"/us/usc/t21/s812","tail":"]."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/7","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(7)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Person, etc."},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The terms \u201cperson\u201d, \u201clabor organization\u201d, \u201cemployment agency\u201d, \u201ccommerce\u201d, and \u201cindustry affecting commerce\u201d, shall have the same meaning given such terms in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 2000e of this title","href":"/us/usc/t42/s2000e","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/8","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(8)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Qualified individual"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cqualified individual\u201d means an individual who, with or without reasonable accommodation, can perform the essential functions of the employment position that such individual holds or desires. For the purposes of this subchapter, consideration shall be given to the employer\u2019s judgment as to what functions of a job are essential, and if an employer has prepared a written description before advertising or interviewing applicants for the job, this description shall be considered evidence of the essential functions of the job.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/9","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(9)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Reasonable accommodation"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201creasonable accommodation\u201d may include\u2014"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/9/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" making existing facilities used by employees readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/9/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"content","text":" job restructuring, part-time or modified work schedules, reassignment to a vacant position, acquisition or modification of equipment or devices, appropriate adjustment or modifications of examinations, training materials or policies, the provision of qualified readers or interpreters, and other similar accommodations for individuals with disabilities.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/10","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(10)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Undue hardship"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/10/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"heading","text":"In general"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cundue hardship\u201d means an action requiring significant difficulty or expense, when considered in light of the factors set forth in subparagraph (B).","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/10/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Factors to be considered"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"In determining whether an accommodation would impose an undue hardship on a covered entity, factors to be considered include\u2014"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/10/B/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" the nature and cost of the accommodation needed under this chapter;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/10/B/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" the overall financial resources of the facility or facilities involved in the provision of the reasonable accommodation; the number of persons employed at such facility; the effect on expenses and resources, or the impact otherwise of such accommodation upon the operation of the facility;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/10/B/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"content","text":" the overall financial resources of the covered entity; the overall size of the business of a covered entity with respect to the number of its employees; the number, type, and location of its facilities; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t42/s12111/10/B/iv","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iv)"},{"t":"content","text":" the type of operation or operations of the covered entity, including the composition, structure, and functions of the workforce of such entity; the geographic separateness, administrative, or fiscal relationship of the facility or facilities in question to the covered entity.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"}]}]}