{"identifier":"/us/usc/t42/s18901","title":42,"num":"\u00a7\u202f18901.","heading":"Definitions","text":"\u00a7\u202f18901.\nDefinitions\nIn this division:\n(1)\nArtificial intelligence\nThe term \u201cartificial intelligence\u201d or \u201cAI\u201d has the meaning given such term in\nsection 9401 of title 15\n(2)\nAwardee\nThe term \u201cawardee\u201d means the legal entity to which Federal assistance is awarded and that is accountable to the Federal Government for the use of the funds provided.\n(3)\nAward personnel\nThe term \u201caward personnel\u201d means principal investigators and co-principal investigators, faculty, postdoctoral researchers, and other employees supported by a grant, cooperative agreement, or contract under Federal law.\n(4)\nBiomanufacturing\nThe term \u201cbiomanufacturing\u201d means the utilization of biological systems to develop new and advance existing products, tools, and processes at commercial scale.\n(5)\nEmerging research institution\nThe term \u201cemerging research institution\u201d means an institution of higher education with an established undergraduate or graduate program that has less than $50,000,000 in Federal research expenditures.\n(6)\nEngineering biology\nThe term \u201cengineering biology\u201d means the application of engineering design principles and practices to biological systems, including molecular and cellular systems, to advance fundamental understanding of complex natural systems and to enable novel or optimize functions and capabilities.\n(7)\nEPSCoR\nThe term \u201cEPSCoR\u201d has the meaning given the term in section 502 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (\n42 U.S.C. 1862p\n(8)\nEPSCoR institution\nThe term \u201cEPSCoR institution\u201d means an institution of higher education, nonprofit organization, or other institution located in a jurisdiction eligible to participate in the program under\nsection 1862g of this title\n(9)\nFederal laboratory\nThe term \u201cFederal laboratory\u201d has the meaning given such term in\nsection 3703 of title 15\n(10)\nFederal research agency\nThe term \u201cFederal research agency\u201d means any Federal agency with an annual extramural research expenditure of over $100,000,000 in fiscal year 2022 constant dollars.\n(11)\nFoundation\nThe term \u201cFoundation\u201d means the National Science Foundation.\n(12)\nHistorically Black college and university\nThe term \u201chistorically Black college and university\u201d has the meaning given the term \u201cpart B institution\u201d in\nsection 1061 of title 20\n(13)\nInstitution of higher education\nThe term \u201cinstitution of higher education\u201d has the meaning given the term in\nsection 1001(a) of title 20\n(14)\nInteragency working group on inclusion in STEM\nThe term \u201cinteragency working group on inclusion in STEM\u201d means the interagency working group established by\nsection 6626 of this title\n(15)\nLabor organization\nThe term \u201clabor organization\u201d has the meaning given the term in\n(A) any organization composed of labor organizations, such as a labor union federation or a State or municipal labor body; and\n(B) any organization which would be included in the definition for such term under such\n(i) individuals employed by the United States, any wholly owned Government corporation, any Federal Reserve Bank, or any State or political subdivision thereof;\n(ii) individuals employed by persons subject to the Railway Labor Act (\n45 U.S.C. 151\n(iii) individuals employed as agricultural laborers.\n(16)\nLow-income individual\nThe term \u201clow-income individual\u201d means an individual from a family whose taxable income for the preceding year did not exceed 150 percent of an amount equal to the poverty level determined by using criteria of poverty established by the Bureau of the Census.\n(17)\nManufacturing extension center\nThe term \u201cmanufacturing extension center\u201d has the meaning given the term \u201cCenter\u201d in\nsection 278k(a) of title 15\n(18)\nManufacturing USA institute\nThe term \u201cManufacturing USA institute\u201d means a Manufacturing USA institute described in\nsection 278s(d) of title 15\n(19)\nMinority-serving institution\nThe term \u201cminority-serving institution\u201d means a Hispanic-serving institution as defined in\nsection 1101a(a) of title 20\nsection 1059d(b) of title 20\nsection 1067q(c) of title 20\n(20)\nNational Academies\nThe term \u201cNational Academies\u201d means the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.\n(21)\nNon-profit organization\nThe term \u201cnon-profit organization\u201d means an organization which is described in\nsection 501(c)(3) of title 26\n(22)\nPreK\u201312\nThe term \u201cPreK\u201312\u201d means pre-kindergarten through grade 12.\n(23)\nQuantum information science\nThe term \u201cquantum information science\u201d has the meaning given such term in\nsection 8801 of title 15\n(24)\nRecipient\nThe term \u201crecipient\u201d means an entity, usually a non-Federal entity, that receives a Federal award directly from a Federal research agency. The term \u201crecipient\u201d does not include entities that receive subawards or individuals that are the beneficiaries of the award.\n(25)\nResearch and development award\nThe term \u201cresearch and development award\u201d means support provided to an individual or entity by a Federal research agency to carry out research and development activities, which may include support in the form of a grant, contract, cooperative agreement, or other such transaction. The term does not include a grant, contract, agreement or other transaction for the procurement of goods or services to meet the administrative needs of a Federal research agency.\n(26)\nSkilled technical work\nThe term \u201cskilled technical work\u201d means an occupation that requires a high level of knowledge in a technical domain and does not require a bachelor\u2019s degree for entry.\n(27)\nSTEM\nThe term \u201cSTEM\u201d means science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, including computer science.\n(28)\nSTEM education\nThe term \u201cSTEM education\u201d has the meaning given the term in section 2 of the STEM Education Act of 2015 (\n42 U.S.C. 6621\n(29)\nTechnical standard\nThe term \u201ctechnical standard\u201d has the meaning given such term in section 12(d)(5) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (\n15 U.S.C. 272\n(30)\nTribal College or University\nThe term \u201cTribal College or University\u201d has the meaning given such term in\nsection 1059c of title 20","url":"https://projectusc.org/usc/t42/s18901.html","content":[{"t":"sec","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901","children":[{"t":"num","text":"\u00a7\u202f18901."},{"t":"heading","text":"Definitions","tail":"\n"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"In this division:"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/1","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(1)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Artificial intelligence"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cartificial intelligence\u201d or \u201cAI\u201d has the meaning given such term in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 9401 of title 15","href":"/us/usc/t15/s9401","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/2","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(2)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Awardee"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cawardee\u201d means the legal entity to which Federal assistance is awarded and that is accountable to the Federal Government for the use of the funds provided.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/3","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(3)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Award personnel"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201caward personnel\u201d means principal investigators and co-principal investigators, faculty, postdoctoral researchers, and other employees supported by a grant, cooperative agreement, or contract under Federal law.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/4","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(4)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Biomanufacturing"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cbiomanufacturing\u201d means the utilization of biological systems to develop new and advance existing products, tools, and processes at commercial scale.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/5","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(5)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Emerging research institution"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cemerging research institution\u201d means an institution of higher education with an established undergraduate or graduate program that has less than $50,000,000 in Federal research expenditures.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/6","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(6)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Engineering biology"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cengineering biology\u201d means the application of engineering design principles and practices to biological systems, including molecular and cellular systems, to advance fundamental understanding of complex natural systems and to enable novel or optimize functions and capabilities.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/7","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(7)"},{"t":"heading","text":"EPSCoR"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cEPSCoR\u201d has the meaning given the term in section 502 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"42 U.S.C. 1862p","href":"/us/usc/t42/s1862p","tail":" note)."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/8","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(8)"},{"t":"heading","text":"EPSCoR institution"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cEPSCoR institution\u201d means an institution of higher education, nonprofit organization, or other institution located in a jurisdiction eligible to participate in the program under ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 1862g of this title","href":"/us/usc/t42/s1862g","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/9","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(9)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Federal laboratory"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cFederal laboratory\u201d has the meaning given such term in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 3703 of title 15","href":"/us/usc/t15/s3703","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/10","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(10)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Federal research agency"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cFederal research agency\u201d means any Federal agency with an annual extramural research expenditure of over $100,000,000 in fiscal year 2022 constant dollars.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/11","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(11)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Foundation"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cFoundation\u201d means the National Science Foundation.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/12","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(12)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Historically Black college and university"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201chistorically Black college and university\u201d has the meaning given the term \u201cpart B institution\u201d in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 1061 of title 20","href":"/us/usc/t20/s1061","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/13","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(13)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Institution of higher education"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cinstitution of higher education\u201d has the meaning given the term in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 1001(a) of title 20","href":"/us/usc/t20/s1001/a","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/14","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(14)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Interagency working group on inclusion in STEM"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cinteragency working group on inclusion in STEM\u201d means the interagency working group established by ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 6626 of this title","href":"/us/usc/t42/s6626","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/15","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(15)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Labor organization"},{"t":"chapeau","text":"The term \u201clabor organization\u201d has the meaning given the term in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 152(5) of title 29","href":"/us/usc/t29/s152/5","tail":", except that such term shall also include\u2014"}]},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/15/A","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(A)"},{"t":"content","text":" any organization composed of labor organizations, such as a labor union federation or a State or municipal labor body; and","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subpara","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/15/B","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(B)"},{"t":"chapeau","text":" any organization which would be included in the definition for such term under such ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 152(5) of title 29","href":"/us/usc/t29/s152/5","tail":" but for the fact that the organization represents\u2014"}]},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/15/B/i","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(i)"},{"t":"content","text":" individuals employed by the United States, any wholly owned Government corporation, any Federal Reserve Bank, or any State or political subdivision thereof;","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/15/B/ii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(ii)"},{"t":"content","text":" individuals employed by persons subject to the Railway Labor Act (","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"45 U.S.C. 151","href":"/us/usc/t45/s151","tail":" et seq.); or"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"clause","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/15/B/iii","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(iii)"},{"t":"content","text":" individuals employed as agricultural laborers.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/16","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(16)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Low-income individual"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201clow-income individual\u201d means an individual from a family whose taxable income for the preceding year did not exceed 150 percent of an amount equal to the poverty level determined by using criteria of poverty established by the Bureau of the Census.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/17","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(17)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Manufacturing extension center"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cmanufacturing extension center\u201d has the meaning given the term \u201cCenter\u201d in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 278k(a) of title 15","href":"/us/usc/t15/s278k/a","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/18","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(18)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Manufacturing USA institute"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cManufacturing USA institute\u201d means a Manufacturing USA institute described in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 278s(d) of title 15","href":"/us/usc/t15/s278s/d","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/19","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(19)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Minority-serving institution"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cminority-serving institution\u201d means a Hispanic-serving institution as defined in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 1101a(a) of title 20","href":"/us/usc/t20/s1101a/a","tail":"; an Alaska Native-serving institution or Native Hawaiian-serving institution as defined in "},{"t":"ref","text":"section 1059d(b) of title 20","href":"/us/usc/t20/s1059d/b","tail":"; or a Predominantly Black institution, Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institution, or Native American-serving nontribal institution as defined in "},{"t":"ref","text":"section 1067q(c) of title 20","href":"/us/usc/t20/s1067q/c","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/20","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(20)"},{"t":"heading","text":"National Academies"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cNational Academies\u201d means the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/21","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(21)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Non-profit organization"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cnon-profit organization\u201d means an organization which is described in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 501(c)(3) of title 26","href":"/us/usc/t26/s501/c/3","tail":" and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such title."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/22","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(22)"},{"t":"heading","text":"PreK\u201312"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cPreK\u201312\u201d means pre-kindergarten through grade 12.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/23","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(23)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Quantum information science"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cquantum information science\u201d has the meaning given such term in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 8801 of title 15","href":"/us/usc/t15/s8801","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/24","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(24)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Recipient"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201crecipient\u201d means an entity, usually a non-Federal entity, that receives a Federal award directly from a Federal research agency. The term \u201crecipient\u201d does not include entities that receive subawards or individuals that are the beneficiaries of the award.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/25","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(25)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Research and development award"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cresearch and development award\u201d means support provided to an individual or entity by a Federal research agency to carry out research and development activities, which may include support in the form of a grant, contract, cooperative agreement, or other such transaction. The term does not include a grant, contract, agreement or other transaction for the procurement of goods or services to meet the administrative needs of a Federal research agency.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/26","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(26)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Skilled technical work"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cskilled technical work\u201d means an occupation that requires a high level of knowledge in a technical domain and does not require a bachelor\u2019s degree for entry.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/27","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(27)"},{"t":"heading","text":"STEM"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cSTEM\u201d means science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, including computer science.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/28","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(28)"},{"t":"heading","text":"STEM education"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cSTEM education\u201d has the meaning given the term in section 2 of the STEM Education Act of 2015 (","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"42 U.S.C. 6621","href":"/us/usc/t42/s6621","tail":" note)."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/29","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(29)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Technical standard"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201ctechnical standard\u201d has the meaning given such term in section 12(d)(5) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"15 U.S.C. 272","href":"/us/usc/t15/s272","tail":" note)."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"para","id":"/us/usc/t42/s18901/30","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(30)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Tribal College or University"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The term \u201cTribal College or University\u201d has the meaning given such term in ","children":[{"t":"ref","text":"section 1059c of title 20","href":"/us/usc/t20/s1059c","tail":"."}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"}]}]}