{"identifier":"/us/usc/t42/s1981","title":42,"num":"\u00a7\u202f1981.","heading":"Equal rights under the law","text":"\u00a7\u202f1981.\nEqual rights under the law\n(a)\nStatement of equal rights\nAll persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall have the same right in every State and Territory to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind, and to no other.\n(b)\n\u201cMake and enforce contracts\u201d defined\nFor purposes of this section, the term \u201cmake and enforce contracts\u201d includes the making, performance, modification, and termination of contracts, and the enjoyment of all benefits, privileges, terms, and conditions of the contractual relationship.\n(c)\nProtection against impairment\nThe rights protected by this section are protected against impairment by nongovernmental discrimination and impairment under color of State law.","url":"https://projectusc.org/usc/t42/s1981.html","content":[{"t":"sec","id":"/us/usc/t42/s1981","children":[{"t":"num","text":"\u00a7\u202f1981."},{"t":"heading","text":"Equal rights under the law"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t42/s1981/a","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(a)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Statement of equal rights"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"All persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall have the same right in every State and Territory to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind, and to no other.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t42/s1981/b","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(b)"},{"t":"heading","text":"\u201cMake and enforce contracts\u201d defined"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"For purposes of this section, the term \u201cmake and enforce contracts\u201d includes the making, performance, modification, and termination of contracts, and the enjoyment of all benefits, privileges, terms, and conditions of the contractual relationship.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"subsec","id":"/us/usc/t42/s1981/c","children":[{"t":"num","text":"(c)"},{"t":"heading","text":"Protection against impairment"},{"t":"content","children":[{"t":"p","text":"The rights protected by this section are protected against impairment by nongovernmental discrimination and impairment under color of State law.","tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"}],"tail":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"},{"t":"text","text":"\n"}]}]}